Ndiqaphele ukuba iibhetri ezinokutshajwa ezenziweyo zenziwa kakhulu kumazwe afana neTshayina, iSouth Korea, neJapan. La mazwe agqwesile ngenxa yezinto ezininzi eziwenza ahluke.

• Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji, olufana nophuhliso lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kunye ne-solid-state, luye lwaguqula ukusebenza kweebhetri.
• Inkxaso karhulumente kwiiprojekthi zamandla avuselelekayo idale imeko-bume efanelekileyo yemveliso.
• Ukwanda kokwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane kuye kwabangela imfuno engakumbi, oorhulumente benikezela ngezibonelelo zokukhuthaza olu tshintsho.

Ezi zinto, zidityaniswe neentambo zokubonelela eziqinileyo kunye nokufikelela kwizixhobo eziluhlaza, zichaza isizathu sokuba la mazwe akhokele eli shishini.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• ITshayina, uMzantsi Korea, kunye neJapan zenza uninzi lweebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona. Zinezixhobo eziphambili kunye neenkqubo zokubonelela eziqinileyo.
• I-US neKhanada zenza iibhetri ezingaphezulu ngoku. Zigxila ekusebenziseni izixhobo zasekuhlaleni kunye neefektri.
• Ukugcina ucoceko kubalulekile kakhulu kubenzi beebhetri. Basebenzisa amandla aluhlaza kunye neendlela ezikhuselekileyo ukunceda iplanethi.
• Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto kunceda ekunciphiseni inkunkuma nokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ezimbalwa. Oku kuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinto ngendlela ekrelekrele.
• Ubuchwepheshe obutsha, njengeebhetri ezisemgangathweni oqinileyo, buya kwenza iibhetri zikhuseleke kwaye zibe ngcono kwixesha elizayo.

Iindawo Zokuvelisa Zehlabathi Zeebhetri Ezitshajwayo

Ubunkokeli baseAsia kwiMveliso yeebhetri

Ulawulo lweTshayina kwimveliso yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion

Ndiqaphele ukuba iTshayina ikhokela imakethi yehlabathi yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ngowama-2022, eli lizwe libonelele nge-77% yeebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kwihlabathi. Olu lawulo luvela ekufikeleleni kwayo ngokubanzi kwizinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-lithium kunye ne-cobalt, kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa obuphambili. Urhulumente waseTshayina ukwatyale imali eninzi kumandla avuselelekayo kunye namashishini ezithuthi zombane, edala inkqubo yendalo eqinileyo yokuvelisa iibhetri. Ubungakanani bemveliso eTshayina buqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri ezinokutshajwa ezenziwe apha zihlala zingabizi kakhulu kwaye zifumaneka ngokubanzi.

Inkqubela phambili yaseMzantsi Korea kubuchwepheshe bebhetri obusebenza kakuhle

ISouth Korea idlale indima enkulu ekuveliseni iibhetri ezisebenza kakuhle. Iinkampani ezifana ne-LG Energy Solution kunye ne-Samsung SDI zigxile ekuphuhliseni iibhetri ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokukwazi ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ndifumana ukugxininisa kwazo kuphando nophuhliso kumangalisa, njengoko kuqhuba ubuchule kushishino. Ubuchule baseMzantsi Korea kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi buqinisa ngakumbi isikhundla sayo njengenkokeli kubuchwepheshe bebhetri.

Udumo lwaseJapan ngomgangatho kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha

IJapan izakhele udumo ngokuvelisaibhetri enokutshajwa kwakhona ekumgangatho ophezulus. Abavelisi abanjengoPanasonic babeka phambili ukuchaneka nokuthembeka, nto leyo eyenza iimveliso zabo zifuneke kakhulu. Ndiyayincoma iJapan ekuzibopheleleni kwizinto ezintsha, ingakumbi kuphando lwebhetri olusemgangathweni. Olu gxininiso kubuchwepheshe obuphambili luqinisekisa ukuba iJapan ihlala ingumdlali ophambili kwimarike yebhetri yehlabathi.

Indima Eyandisayo Yomntla Melika

Ingqwalasela ye-United States kwimveliso yeebhetri zasekhaya

I-United States iye yonyusa kakhulu indima yayo kwimveliso yeebhetri kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Ukwanda kwemfuno yezithuthi zombane kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuye kwakhokelela kolu hlumo. Urhulumente wase-US uye waxhasa eli shishini ngamaphulo kunye notyalo-mali, nto leyo ekhokelele ekwandeni kabini kwamandla avuselelekayo ukusuka ngo-2014 ukuya ku-2023. ICalifornia neTexas ngoku zikhokela kumandla okugcina iibhetri, kunye nezicwangciso zokwandisa ngakumbi. Ndikholelwa ukuba olu gxininiso kwimveliso yasekhaya luya kunciphisa ukuthembela kwiimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe kwaye luqinise isikhundla se-US kwimarike yehlabathi.

Indima yeKhanada ekunikezelweni nasekuvelisweni kwezinto eziluhlaza

IKhanada idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunikezeni izinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-nickel kunye ne-cobalt, eziyimfuneko kwiibhetri ezinokutshajwa ezenziwe kwihlabathi liphela. Eli lizwe likwaqalise ukutyala imali kwiindawo zokwenza iibhetri ukuze lisebenzise ubutyebi balo bezixhobo. Ndibona imizamo yeKhanada njengenyathelo elicwangcisiweyo lokuzibandakanya ngakumbi kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngeebhetri kwihlabathi liphela.

Ishishini leebhetri elikhulayo eYurophu

Ukwanda kweefektri ezinkulu eJamani naseSweden

IYurophu ivele njengesixeko esikhulayo sokwenza iibhetri, apho iJamani neSweden zikhokela khona. IiGigafactories kula mazwe zigxile ekuhlangabezaneni nemfuno ekhulayo yezithuthi zombane kulo mmandla. Ndifumana ubungakanani bezi zixhobo bumangalisa, njengoko zijolise ekunciphiseni ukuxhomekeka kweYurophu kwizinto ezivela eAsia. Ezi fektri zikwagxininisa uzinzo, zihambelana neenjongo zeYurophu zokusingqongileyo.

Imigaqo-nkqubo ye-EU ekhuthaza imveliso yasekuhlaleni

I-European Union isebenzise imigaqo-nkqubo yokuphucula imveliso yeebhetri zasekuhlaleni. Amanyathelo afana ne-European Battery Alliance ajolise ekufumaneni izinto eziluhlaza kunye nokukhuthaza iindlela zoqoqosho olujikelezayo. Ndikholelwa ukuba le mizamo ayizukuphucula kuphela amandla emveliso yaseYurophu kodwa ikwaqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide kushishino.

Izixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona

Izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezibalulekileyo

I-Lithium: Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yeebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona

I-Lithium idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kweebhetri ezinokutshajwa. Ndiqaphele ukuba ubunzima bayo obuncinci kunye nobuninzi bamandla aphezulu kwenza ukuba ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Nangona kunjalo, ukumbiwa kwe-lithium kuza nemingeni yokusingqongileyo. Iinkqubo zokukhupha zidla ngokukhokelela ekungcolisweni komoya namanzi, ukonakaliswa komhlaba, kunye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Kwimimandla efana neDemocratic Republic of the Congo, ukwembiwa kwe-cobalt kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo, ngelixa uhlalutyo lwesathelayithi eCuba lutyhile ngaphezulu kweehektare ezingama-570 zomhlaba ongenanto ngenxa yemisebenzi yokumbiwa kwe-nickel kunye ne-cobalt. Nangona le mingeni, i-lithium isalokhu ilitye lesiseko lobuchwepheshe bebhetri.

I-Cobalt kunye ne-nickel: Isitshixo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri

I-Cobalt kunye ne-nickel zibalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwebhetri. Ezi zinyithi ziphucula uxinano lwamandla kunye nobude bexesha, nto leyo ezenza zibe zibalulekileyo kwizicelo ezifana nezithuthi zombane. Ndiyifumana inomdla indlela ezi zinto ezinegalelo ngayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweebhetri ezinokutshajwa ezenziwe kwihlabathi liphela. Sekunjalo, ukukhupha kwazo kusebenzisa amandla amaninzi kwaye kubeka umngcipheko kwiinkqubo zendalo zasekuhlaleni kunye noluntu. Ukuvuza kwesinyithi esinetyhefu kwimisebenzi yemigodi kungonakalisa impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.

I-Graphite kunye nezinye izinto ezixhasayo

I-Graphite isebenza njengesixhobo esiphambili see-anode zebhetri. Ukukwazi kwayo ukugcina ii-ion ze-lithium ngokufanelekileyo kuyenza ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo. Ezinye izinto, ezifana ne-manganese kunye ne-aluminium, nazo zidlala indima exhasayo ekuphuculeni uzinzo lwebhetri kunye nokuqhuba kwayo. Ndikholelwa ukuba ezi zinto zizonke ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kweebhetri zanamhlanje.

Iinkqubo eziphambili zokuvelisa

Ukumbiwa nokucocwa kwezinto eziluhlaza

Ukuveliswa kweebhetri ezinokutshajwa kuqala ngokwemba nokucoca izinto eziluhlaza. Eli nyathelo libandakanya ukukhupha i-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel, kunye ne-graphite emhlabeni. Ukucoca ezi zinto kuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yobumsulwa efunekayo ekwenzeni iibhetri. Nangona le nkqubo ifuna amandla amaninzi, ibeka isiseko seebhetri ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ukuhlanganiswa kweeseli kunye nemveliso yeebhetri

Ukuhlanganiswa kweeseli kubandakanya amanyathelo aliqela antsonkothileyo. Okokuqala, izinto ezisebenzayo ziyaxutywa ukuze kufunyanwe ukuhambelana okufanelekileyo. Emva koko, iislurry zigqunywa kwiifoyile zesinyithi kwaye zomiswe ukuze zenze iileya ezikhuselayo. Iielectrode ezigqunyiweyo zicinezelwa ngokusebenzisa ikhalenda ukuze konyuswe uxinano lwamandla. Ekugqibeleni, iielectrode ziyasikwa, zidityaniswe ngee-separators, kwaye zizaliswe zii-electrolytes. Ndiyifumana le nkqubo inomdla ngenxa yokuchaneka kwayo kunye nobunzima bayo.

Ulawulo lomgangatho kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo

Ulawulo lomgangatho luyintoinkalo ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwebhetriIindlela zokuhlola ezisebenzayo zibalulekile ekufumaneni iziphene nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka. Ndiqaphele ukuba ukulinganisela umgangatho nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ngumceli mngeni omkhulu. Iiseli ezineziphene eziphuma kumzi-mveliso zingonakalisa udumo lwenkampani. Ke ngoko, abavelisi batyala imali eninzi kwiinkqubo zovavanyo ukuze bagcine imigangatho ephezulu.

Iimpembelelo zeNdalo kunye nezoQoqosho zokuveliswa kweebhetri ezitshajwayo

Imingeni yokusingqongileyo

Impembelelo yemigodi kunye nokuncipha kwezixhobo

Ukumba izinto ezifana ne-lithium kunye ne-cobalt kudala imingeni ebalulekileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ndiqaphele ukuba ukumba i-lithium, umzekelo, kufuna amanzi amaninzi—ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 yezigidi zeetoni ngetoni enye ye-lithium. Oku kukhokelele ekuncipheni okukhulu kwamanzi kwimimandla efana ne-South American Lithium Triangle. Imisebenzi yokumba ikwatshabalalisa iindawo zokuhlala kwaye ingcolise i-ecosystem. Iikhemikhali eziyingozi ezisetyenziswa ngexesha lokumba zingcolisa imithombo yamanzi, zibeka ubomi basemanzini esichengeni kunye nempilo yabantu. Imifanekiso yesathelayithi ibonisa iindawo ezingenanto ezibangelwa kukumba i-nickel kunye ne-cobalt, igxininisa umonakalo wexesha elide kwi-ecosystems zasekuhlaleni. Ezi ndlela azigcini nje ngokungcolisa indalo esingqongileyo kodwa zikwakhawulezisa ukuncipha kwezixhobo, ziphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokuzinza.

Iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma

Ukuphinda usebenzise iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kusaqhubeka kuyinkqubo enzima. Ndiyifumana inomdla indlela iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo ezidlula ngayo amanyathelo amaninzi, kuquka ukuqokelela, ukuhlela, ukuqhekeza, kunye nokwahlulahlula, ukuze kubuyiselwe izinyithi ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-lithium, i-nickel, kunye ne-cobalt. Nangona le mizamo, amazinga okuphinda usebenzise ahlala ephantsi, okukhokelela ekwandeni kwenkunkuma ye-elektroniki. Iindlela zokuphinda usebenzise ezingasebenzi kakuhle zinegalelo ekuchithweni kwezixhobo kunye nongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Ukuseka iinkqubo zokuphinda usebenzise ezisebenza kakuhle kunokunciphisa inkunkuma kwaye kunciphise isidingo semisebenzi emitsha yokwemba. Oku kuya kunceda ukujongana neengxaki ezikhulayo zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene nokuveliswa kweebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona.

Izinto zoqoqosho

Iindleko zezinto eziluhlaza kunye nabasebenzi

Ukuveliswa kweebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kubandakanya iindleko eziphezulu ngenxa yokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezinqabileyo ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, kunye ne-nickel. Ezi zinto azibizi nje kuphela kodwa zibiza kakhulu amandla okukhupha nokucubungula. Iindleko zabasebenzi zongeza ngakumbi kwiindleko zizonke, ingakumbi kwimimandla enemithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ndikholelwa ukuba ezi zinto zichaphazela kakhulu amaxabiso eebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ezenziwe kwihlabathi liphela. Iinkxalabo zokhuseleko, ezifana neengozi zokuqhuma nomlilo, nazo ziyanyusa iindleko zemveliso, njengoko abavelisi kufuneka batyale imali kumanyathelo okhuseleko aphambili.

Ukhuphiswano lwehlabathi kunye neemeko zorhwebo

Ukhuphiswano lwehlabathi luqhuba ubuchule kwishishini leebhetri ezinokutshajwa. Iinkampani zihlala ziphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha ukuze zihlale ziphambili. Amaqhinga okubeka amaxabiso kufuneka ahlengahlengiswe ukuze ahlale ekhuphisana kwimarike ephenjelelwa bubudlelwane beqhinga kunye nokwandiswa kweendawo. Ndiqaphele ukuba iimarike ezisakhulayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni amandla orhwebo. Ukwandisa amandla okuvelisa kwiindawo ezifana noMntla Melika neYurophu akunciphisi nje kuphela ukuthembela ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe kodwa kuhambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ekhuthaza ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza. Oku kudala amathuba okudala imisebenzi kunye nokukhula koqoqosho.

Imizamo Yokuzinza

Utshintsho kwiindlela zemveliso ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo

Uzinzo lube yinto ephambili ekwenzeni iibhetri. Ndiyayincoma indlela iinkampani ezisebenzisa ngayo iindlela zokwenza iimveliso ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ukunciphisa impembelelo yazo kwindalo. Umzekelo, abanye abavelisi ngoku basebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ukunika amandla izixhobo zabo. Uyilo lwebhetri lukwagxila ekunciphiseni isidingo sezinto ezinqabileyo, okwenza imveliso ihlale ixesha elide. Le mizamo ayinciphisi nje kuphela ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kodwa ikwanegalelo kuqoqosho olujikelezayo ngokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinto.

Imigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthaza iindlela zoqoqosho olujikelezayo

Oorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela baphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza iindlela ezizinzileyo zokuvelisa iibhetri. Imiyalelo yoxanduva oluthe kratya lomvelisi (i-EPR) ibamba abavelisi uxanduva lokulawula iibhetri ekupheleni komjikelo wabo wobomi. Iinjongo zokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezintsha kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali kophando nophuhliso zixhasa ngakumbi la maphulo. Ndikholelwa ukuba le migaqo-nkqubo iya kukhawulezisa ukwamkelwa kweendlela zoqoqosho olujikelezayo, iqinisekise ukuba iibhetri ezinokutshajwa ezenziweyo namhlanje zinomlinganiselo ophantsi wokusingqongileyo. Ngokubeka phambili uzinzo, eli shishini linokufikelela ekukhuleni kwexesha elide ngelixa lijongana neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo.

Iindlela Zekamva kwiUkuveliswa kweBhetri etshajwayo

Uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji

Iibhetri ze-Solid-state kunye namandla azo

Ndibona iibhetri ze-solid-state njengento etshintsha umdlalo kwishishini. Ezi bhetri zithatha indawo yee-electrolytes ezingamanzi ngeziqinileyo, zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo. Itheyibhile engezantsi igxininisa umahluko ophambili phakathi kweebhetri ze-solid-state kunye nezemveli ze-lithium-ion:

Ezi bhetri zithembisa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zazo eziphezulu zokuvelisa zisengumngeni. Ndikholelwa ukuba ukuqhubela phambili kwiindlela zokwenza kuya kuzenza zifikeleleke ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.

Uphuculo kuxinano lwamandla kunye nesantya sokutshaja

Eli shishini lenza inkqubela phambili ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwebhetri. Ezi nkqubela zilandelayo ndizifumana zibalulekile kakhulu:

• Iibhetri zeLithium-sulfur zisebenzisa ii-cathode zesulfur ezikhaphukhaphu, nto leyo enyusa uxinano lwamandla.
• Ii-silicon anodes kunye noyilo lwe-solid-state ziguqula indawo yokugcina amandla kwizithuthi zombane (ii-EV).
• Izikhululo zokutshaja ezinamandla aphezulu kunye neetshaja ze-silicon carbide zinciphisa kakhulu amaxesha okutshaja.
• Ukutshaja kweendlela ezimbini kuvumela ii-EV ukuba zizinzise iigridi zamandla kwaye zisebenze njengemithombo yamandla exhasayo.

Ezi zinto zintsha ziqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri ezinokutshajwa ezenziweyo namhlanje zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zinokuguquguquka ngakumbi kunangaphambili.

Ukwandiswa koMbane weMveliso

Iifektri ezintsha kunye nezibonelelo kwihlabathi liphela

Imfuno yeebhetri ikhokelele ekwandeni kolwakhiwo lwezakhiwo ezinkulu. Iinkampani ezifana neTesla kunye neSamsung SDI zityala imali eninzi kwizakhiwo ezintsha. Umzekelo:

1. I-Tesla yabela i-R&D eyi-1.8 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2015 ukuze iphuhlise iiseli ze-lithium-ion eziphucukileyo.
2. I-Samsung SDI yandise imisebenzi yayo eHungary, eTshayina, nase-US

Olu tyalo-mali lujolise ekuhlangabezaneni nesidingo esikhulayo see-EV, izixhobo ze-elektroniki eziphathwayo, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo.

Ukwahlukahluka kwemimandla ukunciphisa iingozi zothungelwano lokubonelela

Ndiqaphele utshintsho oluya ekwahlukaneni kwemveliso yeebhetri kwimimandla ethile. Esi sicwangciso sinciphisa ukuthembela kwimimandla ethile kwaye siqinisa uthungelwano lokubonelela. Oorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela bakhuthaza imveliso yasekhaya ukuba iphucule ukhuseleko lwamandla kwaye idale imisebenzi. Le ndlela iqinisekisa imakethi yeebhetri yehlabathi eqinileyo nelungeleleneyo.

Uzinzo njengeyona nto iphambili

Ukusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo

Ukuphinda usebenzise ibhetri kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni iibhetri ezizinzileyo. Nangona abaninzi bekholelwa ukuba yi-5% kuphela yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion eziphinda zisetyenziswe, izibonelelo zoqoqosho zibangela utshintsho. Ukuphinda usebenzise iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-lithium kunye ne-cobalt kunciphisa isidingo semisebenzi emitsha yokwemba. Ndibona oku njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

Uphuhliso lweefektri ezisebenzisa amandla aluhlaza

Abavelisi basebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo ukunika amandla kwizakhiwo zabo. Olu tshintsho lunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwaye luhambelana neenjongo zozinzo lwehlabathi. Ndiyayincoma indlela le mizamo enegalelo ngayo kuqoqosho olujikelezayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri ezinokutshajwa ezenziweyo namhlanje zixhasa ikamva eliluhlaza.

Iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona zenziwa ikakhulu e-Asia, apho uMntla Melika naseYurophu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ndiqaphele ukuba inkqubo yemveliso ixhomekeke kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-lithium kunye ne-cobalt, kunye neendlela eziphambili zokuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, imingeni efana neendleko eziphezulu ezizinzileyo, ukuxhomekeka kwizinto ezinqabileyo, kunye neengozi zokhuseleko lokubonelela ziyaqhubeka. Imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, kubandakanya imigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nezikhokelo zokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto, zibumba indlela elihamba ngayo eli shishini. Imizamo yozinzo, efana nokwamkela amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye neendlela zokwemba ezinobuhlobo nendalo, iguqula ikamva leebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ezenziweyo namhlanje. Ezi ndlela zibonisa utshintsho oluthembisayo oluya kubuchule bokuyila kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo.

FAQ

Ngawaphi amazwe aphambili avelisa iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona?

I-China, iSouth Korea, kunye neJapan zilawula imveliso yeebhetri kwihlabathi liphela. I-United States kunye neYurophu zandisa imisebenzi yazo ngezixhobo ezintsha kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Ezi ndawo zibalaseleyo ngenxa yetekhnoloji ephucukileyo, ukufikelela kwizixhobo eziluhlaza, kunye neekhonkco zokubonelela ezinamandla.

Kutheni i-lithium ibalulekile kwiibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona?

I-Lithium inika amandla amaninzi kunye neempawu ezilula, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zivumela ukugcinwa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kwizicelo ezifana nezithuthi zombane kunye ne-elektroniki ephathekayo.

Abavelisi baqinisekisa njani umgangatho webhetri?

Abavelisi basebenzisa iinkqubo zokulawula umgangatho ezingqongqo, kuquka ukufunyanwa kweziphene kunye novavanyo lokusebenza. Iindlela zokuhlola eziphambili ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokhuseleko, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuthembana kwabathengi kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yoshishino.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezijongene nomzi-mveliso weebhetri?

Eli shishini lijongene nemingeni efana neendleko eziphezulu zezinto eziluhlaza, iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo ezivela kwimigodi, kunye nemingcipheko yenkqubo yokubonelela ngempahla. Abavelisi bajongana nale micimbi ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha, amanyathelo okuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezintsha, kunye nokwahlukahluka kwemimandla.

Uzinzo luyibumba njani imveliso yebhetri?

Uzinzo luqhuba ukwamkelwa kweendlela ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ezinje ngokusebenzisa amandla ahlaziyekayo kwiifektri kunye nezinto zokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Le mizamo inciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwaye ihambelana neenjongo zehlabathi zekamva eliluhlaza.