Ndiyazi ukuba kwibhetri ye-alkaline, uphawu lwe-CE lolona qinisekiso lubalulekileyo kwi-EU. Kwi-US, ndigxila ekuthobeleni imithetho karhulumente evela kwi-CPSC kunye ne-DOT. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi njengoko imakethi yase-US yodwa iceba ukufikelela kwi-USD 4.49 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2032, nto leyo egxininisa ukubaluleka okukhulu kwale migangatho.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Iibhetri ze-alkalinekufuneka imithetho eyahlukeneyo kwi-EU nase-US I-EU isebenzisa umthetho omnye ophambili obizwa ngokuba yi-CE marking. I-US inemithetho emininzi evela kumaqela ahlukeneyo.
• Ukulandela le mithetho kunceda ukugcina abantu bekhuselekile. Kukwakhusela nokusingqongileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iibhetri azinazo iikhemikhali ezimbi kwaye zilahlwa ngokuchanekileyo.
• Ukuthobela le mithetho kunceda iinkampani zithengise iibhetri zazo. Kukwakha ukuthembana nabathengi. Oku kubonisa ukuba inkampani ikhathalele ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho.

Iziqinisekiso eziSisiseko zeebhetri zeAlkaline kwiManyano yaseYurophu (i-EU)

Ukumakishwa kwe-CE: Ukuqinisekisa ukungqinelana kweebhetri ze-alkaline

NdiyaqondaUkumakishwa kwe-CEyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokubeka iimveliso, kuquka iibhetri ze-alkaline, kwimarike ye-European Union. Olu phawu lubonisa ukuhambelana kwemveliso nomthetho we-EU wezempilo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ayilophawu lomgangatho, kodwa sisibhengezo esenziwe ngumvelisi sokuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nayo yonke imiyalelo nemigaqo ye-EU efanelekileyo.

Xa ndicinga ngemigangatho ethile yobugcisa kunye nemiyalelo yokumakishwa kwe-CE kwiireferensi zeebhetri ze-alkaline, ndifumanisa ukuba ikhomba kumaxwebhu abalulekileyo aliqela:

• Isikhokelo sebhetri
• Isikhokelo seRoHS
• prEN IEC 60086-1: Iibhetri eziphambili – Icandelo 1: Jikelele
• prEN IEC 60086-2-1: Iibhetri eziphambili - Icandelo 2-1: Iinkcukacha zomzimba nezombane zeebhetri ezine-electrolyte yamanzi

Ndiyazi ukuba ukungathobeli iimfuno zokumakisha i-CE kunemiphumo ebalulekileyo.

NgokweNqaku 20(5) loMgaqo we-EU 2023/1542 weeBhetri kunye neeBhetri zeNkunkuma: “Amazwe angamalungu aza kwakhela phezu kweendlela ezikhoyo zokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwenkqubo elawula ukumakishwa kwe-CE kwaye aza kuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo kwimeko yokusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kolo phawu.”

Kwimeko apho imveliso, phantsi komyalelo wokumakisha i-CE, ifunyaniswa ingenalo uphawu okanye ingenalo ngokungekho mthethweni, urhulumente weli zwe lilungu unikwe igunya lokumisela amanyathelo olawulo. Ezi zenzo zinokubandakanya ukurhoxiswa kwemarike kunye nokubekwa kwezohlwayo. Uxanduva luxhomekeke kubavelisi, abangenisi, kunye/okanye abameli abagunyazisiweyo kwiimeko zokumakisha i-CE ngokungekho mthethweni okanye ukungathobeli imigangatho ehambelanayo ye-EU.

Ukungathobeli iimfuno zokumakisha i-CE kwiibhetri kwi-EU kunokukhokelela koku:

• Ukubanjwa nokutshatyalaliswa kweemveliso ngabasemagunyeni berhafu.
• Ukuhluthwa kwengeniso.
• Ukumiswa kwangoko kweendawo ezichaphazelekayo kubathengisi beAmazon.

Imiyalelo yeBhetri ye-EU: Iimfuno ezithile zeeBhetri zeAlkaline

Ndiyayiqonda into yokuba i-EU Battery Directive idlala indima ephambili ekulawuleni iibhetri kwimarike yaseYurophu. Lo myalelo ujolise ekunciphiseni impembelelo embi yeebhetri kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimpilo yabantu. Ubeka iimfuno ezithile zoyilo, ukuveliswa, kunye nokulahla iibhetri, kuquka neebhetri ze-alkaline.

Imithetho emitsha yaseYurophu, eqala ukusebenza ngoMeyi 2021, iyalela iimfuno ezithile zeebhetri ze-alkaline. Ezi ziquka umda womxholo we-mercury ongaphantsi kwe-0.002% ngobunzima (ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kwe-mercury) kunye nokufakwa kweelebheli zomthamo. Ezi lebheli kufuneka zibonise umthamo wamandla kwiiyure ze-watt zobukhulu be-AA, AAA, C, kunye ne-D. Ukongeza, iibhetri ze-alkaline kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yokusebenza kakuhle kwe-eco ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwamandla okusebenzayo kulo lonke ixesha lokuphila kwazo. Lo myalelo ukwafuna ukuba zonke iibhetri zibe nophawu okanye uphawu olubonisa umthamo wazo. Nangona umyalelo ungachazi umgangatho we-metric, umthamo ungaboniswa kusetyenziswa iiyunithi ezifana ne-V, mAh, okanye i-Ah. Ngaphezu koko, nayiphi na ibhetri equlethe i-lead engaphezulu kwe-0.004% kufuneka ibonise uphawu 'Pb' kwilebheli yayo, nangona umxholo we-lead ngokwawo ungathintelwanga.

Umyalelo we-WEEE: Ulawulo lokuphela kobomi lweebhetri ze-alkaline

Ndiyaqonda ukuba i-Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive ijongana kakhulu nolawulo lweemveliso ze-elektroniki ekupheleni kobomi. Nangona i-WEEE Directive igubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwee-elektroniki, i-EU inomyalelo othile weebhetri kunye nee-accumulators, ezahlukileyo kwi-WEEE Directive. Lo myalelo uzinikeleyo ujolise ekunciphiseni izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokumisela unyango olungenabungozi kokusingqongileyo lweebhetri zenkunkuma.

Abavelisi beebhetri kunye nee-accumulators kufuneka babhalise kwilizwe ngalinye apho bathengisa khona, baxele ubungakanani, kwaye baxhase unyango oluhambelanayo lweebhetri zokuphela kobomi. Isakhelo selizwe soxanduva loMvelisi webhetri eNkulu (i-EPR) sijonga zonke iikhemikhali zebhetri, kubandakanya i-alkaline, kunye neebhetri ezincinci (ezisetyenziswa kanye nezitshajwayo) kunye neziphakathi. Izibophelelo phantsi komyalelo webhetri ziyafana nezo ziphantsi koMyalelo we-WEEE ngokweemfuno zolawulo nezemali, kodwa zahlukile.

Uxanduva lomvelisi lokulawula iibhetri ekupheleni kobomi luquka:

• Fumana inombolo yobhaliso (inombolo yokuchonga eyahlukileyo i-UIN).
• Isivumelwano nombutho onoxanduva lomvelisi.
• Xela ubungakanani kunye nobunzima beebhetri ezibekwe emarikeni.

Ummiselo we-REACH: Ukhuseleko lweeKhemikhali kwiibhetri ze-Alkaline

Ndiyazi ukuba uMthetho we-REACH (Ubhaliso, Uvavanyo, Imvume, kunye nokuThintelwa kweeKhemikhali) ngomnye umthetho obalulekileyo we-EU. Injongo yawo kukuphucula ukhuseleko lwempilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo kwiingozi ezinokubakho kwiikhemikhali. I-REACH isebenza kwizinto ezenziwe okanye ezingeniswe kwi-EU, kuquka nezo zifumaneka kwiibhetri ze-alkaline. Ifuna iinkampani ukuba zichonge kwaye zilawule iingozi ezinxulumene nezinto ezizenzayo kunye nokuthengisa kwi-EU.

Isikhokelo seRoHS: Ukuthintela Izinto Eziyingozi Kwiibhetri zeAlkaline

Ndiyayiqonda iRoHS Directive (Ukuthintela Izinto Ezinobungozi) ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukwakheka kweebhetri ze-alkaline. Lo myalelo uthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile eziyingozi ezifumaneka kwiimveliso zombane neze-elektroniki. Injongo yawo kukuthintela ezi zinto ukuba zingalimazi impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.

I-RoHS Directive imisela ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo bezinto ezahlukeneyo eziyingozi. Ndichaze le mida kwitheyibhile engezantsi:

Ndifumana le tshathi iluncedo ekuqondeni le miqathango:

Le mithetho iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso, kuquka neebhetri ze-alkaline, ezithengiswa kwi-EU ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Imigaqo neMigangatho ephambili yeebhetri ze-Alkaline eMelika (e-US)

Imigaqo yeCPSC: Ukhuseleko lwabathengi kwiibhetri zeAlkaline

E-United States, ndijonge kwiKhomishini yoKhuseleko lweeMveliso zaBathengi (i-CPSC) ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabathengi. I-CPSC ikhusela uluntu kwiingozi ezingafanelekanga zokwenzakala okanye ukufa ezinxulumene neemveliso zabathengi. Nangona i-CPSC ingenayo imigaqo ethile yeebhetri ze-alkaline kuphela, ezi bhetri ziwela phantsi kwegunya labo ngokubanzi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso. Ndiyaqonda ukuba abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iimveliso zabo zebhetri ze-alkaline azibonisi mngcipheko mkhulu. Oku kuquka ukuthintela imiba efana nokuvuza, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, okanye ukuqhuma okunokwenzakalisa abathengi. I-CPSC inokukhupha ukurhoxiswa okanye ifune amanyathelo okulungisa ukuba imveliso, kuquka nebhetri ye-alkaline, ifunyaniswe ingakhuselekanga. Ndisoloko ndibeka phambili ukuyila iimveliso ezihlangabezana nolindelo olusisiseko lokhuseleko.

Imigaqo ye-DOT: Ukuthuthwa ngokukhuselekileyo kweebhetri ze-alkaline

Ndikwaqwalasela nemigaqo yeSebe lezoThutho (i-DOT) yokuthutha ngokukhuselekileyo iibhetri ze-alkaline. I-DOT ibeka imithetho yokupakisha, ukulebhelisha, kunye nokuphatha izinto eziyingozi ngexesha lokuthunyelwa ngomoya, ulwandle, okanye umhlaba. Kwiibhetri ze-alkaline, ndifumanisa ukuba zihlala zihlelwa njengezingenabungozi ekuthuthweni. Oku kuthetha ukuba azidingi mithetho ingqongqo esetyenziswa kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion, umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, ndisaqinisekisa ukupakishwa okufanelekileyo ukuthintela iisekethe ezimfutshane okanye umonakalo ngexesha lokuthutha. Inkampani yam ilandela amacandelo afanelekileyo e-49 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Part 173, echaza iimfuno ngokubanzi zokuthunyelwa kunye nokupakishwa. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zethu zifikelela kwindawo yazo ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuhambelanayo.

Imigaqo echazwe kwiLizwe: I-California Proposition 65 kunye neebhetri ze-Alkaline

Xa ndicinga ngokuthengisa iimveliso kulo lonke elase-US, ndinikela ingqalelo kwimithetho ethile yelizwe, ngakumbi iSindululo saseCalifornia 65 (Prop 65). Lo mthetho ufuna amashishini ukuba anike izilumkiso kubantu baseCalifornia malunga nokuchaphazeleka okukhulu kwiikhemikhali ezibangela umhlaza, iziphene zokuzalwa, okanye ezinye iingozi zokuzala. Ukuba ibhetri ye-alkaline inazo naziphi na iikhemikhali ezikuluhlu lweProp 65, nokuba zimbalwa, kufuneka ndinike ilebheli yesilumkiso ecacileyo nefanelekileyo. Lo mthetho uchaphazela indlela endibhala ngayo iilebheli kwiimveliso zemarike yaseCalifornia, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bafumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko malunga nokuchaphazeleka kweekhemikhali okunokwenzeka.

Imigangatho yoShishino oluZithandelayo: i-UL kunye ne-ANSI yeebhetri ze-Alkaline

Ngaphaya kwemithetho enyanzelekileyo, ndiyayiqonda ukubaluleka kwemigangatho yoshishino lokuzithandela e-US Le migangatho idla ngokuchaza iindlela ezilungileyo kwaye iphucula ukuzithemba kwabathengi. Ii-Underwriters Laboratories (UL) kunye ne-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) zimibutho emibini ephambili. I-UL iphuhlisa imigangatho yokhuseleko kwaye yenza uvavanyo lwemveliso kunye nesatifikethi. Uluhlu lwe-UL kwimveliso, ngelixa luqhutywa ngokuzithandela kwiibhetri ze-alkaline, lubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo. I-ANSI iququzelela uphuhliso lwemigangatho yemvumelwano yokuzithandela. Kwiibhetri eziphathwayo, ndihlala ndibhekisa kuluhlu lwemigangatho ye-ANSI C18. Le migangatho igubungela ubungakanani, ukusebenza, kunye nemiba yokhuseleko lweebhetri. Ukunamathela kule migangatho yokuzithandela kubonisa ukuzinikela kwam kumgangatho nokhuseleko.

Ilebheli yeFCC: Ukufaneleka kweeMveliso ezithile zeBhetri yeAlkaline

Ndiyaqonda ukuba i-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ilawula unxibelelwano oluphakathi kwamazwe ngamazwe nolwehlabathi ngerediyo, umabonwakude, ucingo, isathelayithi, kunye nentambo. Ilebula ye-FCC idla ngokufuneka kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki ezikhupha amandla erediyo (RF). Ibhetri ye-alkaline ezimeleyo ayikhuphi amandla e-RF, ngoko ke ayifuni ilebula ye-FCC. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ibhetri ye-alkaline yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesixhobo esikhulu se-elektroniki, loo ntoingabaikhupha amandla e-RF—njengesilawuli esikude esingenazingcingo okanye isixhobo sasekhaya esikrelekrele—emva kokoisixhobo ngokwasokufuneka afumane isiqinisekiso se-FCC. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ibhetri yinxalenye yemveliso eqinisekisiweyo, kodwa ilebheli ye-FCC isebenza kwisixhobo sokugqibela, hayi ibhetri yodwa.

Kutheni Ezi Zatifikethi Zibalulekile Kwiibhetri Ze-Alkaline

Ukuqinisekisa Ukufikelela kwiMarike kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho

Ndiyaqonda ukuba iziqinisekiso aziyongxaki nje ye-bureaucratic; ziyindlela ebalulekileyo yokufikelela kwimarike. Kum, ukuqinisekisaukuthotyelwa komthethokuthetha ukuba iimveliso zam zingathengiswa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwiimarike eziphambili ezifana ne-EU kunye ne-US. Umzekelo, uMgaqo weeBhetri ze-EU usebenza kubo bonke abavelisi, abavelisi, abangenisi, kunye nabasasazi bazo zonke iintlobo zebhetri ezibekwe kwimarike ye-EU. Oku kuquka iinkampani zase-US ezivelisa iibhetri okanye izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezineebhetri ukuba zithumela kwi-EU. Ukungathobeli imithetho kuthwala umngcipheko omkhulu wezemali. Ndiyazi ukuba izohlwayo eziphezulu zolawulo kwi-EU zinokufikelela kwi-€10 yezigidi, okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2% yengeniso iyonke yonyaka kwihlabathi liphela kunyaka-mali odlulileyo, nokuba yeyiphi na imali ephezulu. Oku kugxininisa imfuneko ebalulekileyo yokunamathela kule migaqo.

Ukukhusela Abathengi kunye neNdalo

Ndikholelwa ukuba ezi ziqinisekiso zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abathengi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngokulandela imigangatho efana neRoHS kunye ne-EU Battery Directive, ndiqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zam azinazo izinto eziyingozi kwaye zenzelwe ulawulo olunenkathalo lokuphela kobomi. Esi sithembiso sikhusela impilo yabathengi ngokuthintela ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali eziyingozi kwaye sinciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulahla kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe. Oku kubonisa ukuzinikela kwam kuphuhliso lwemveliso oluzinzileyo nolukhuselekileyo.

Ukwakha iTrust kunye noDumo lweBrand

Kum, ukufezekisa ezi ziqinisekiso kumalungaukwakha ukuthembanakunye nokuphucula udumo lophawu lwam. Xa iimveliso zam zihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yamazwe ngamazwe, oko kubonisa umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kubathengi kunye namaqabane eshishini ngokufanayo. Oku kuzibophelela ekuthobeleni imithetho kubonisa ukuthembeka kunye noxanduva lwenkampani yam. Kukhuthaza ukuzithemba kwiimveliso zam, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo yexesha elide kunye nobunkokeli kwimarike.

Ukuthelekisa iindlela zeSatifikethi se-EU ne-US kwiibhetri ze-Alkaline

Ukumakishwa kwe-CE okunyanzelekileyo ngokuchasene neNdawo yase-US eQhekeziweyo

Ndibona umahluko ocacileyo kwiindlela zokuqinisekisa phakathi kwe-EU ne-US. I-EU isebenzisa inkqubo edibeneyo enophawu lwe-CE. Olu phawu lunye lubonisa ukuthobela kwebhetri ye-alkaline kuyo yonke imiyalelo efanelekileyo ye-EU. Isebenza njengepasipoti epheleleyo yokungena kwimarike kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu. Le nkqubo ilula yenza kube lula ukuthobela abavelisi abafana nam. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imeko yase-US yahlukene kakhulu. Ndihamba kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zeearhente zikarhulumente ezifana ne-CPSC kunye ne-DOT, nganye inemigaqo ethile elawula iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nothutho. Ukongeza, imithetho ethile yelizwe, efana neCalifornia Proposition 65, ingenisa ezinye iimfuno. Oku kuthetha ukuba ndijongana nemibutho emininzi yolawulo kunye nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo iimveliso zam kwimarike yase-US. Le ndlela inamacandelo amaninzi ifuna ingqalelo enonophelo kwiinkcukacha kwicandelo ngalinye.

Iinjongo eziXhaswayo zoKhuseleko kunye noKhuseleko lokusingqongileyo

Nangona zingafani iindlela zomthetho, ndifumanisa ukuba zombini i-EU kunye ne-US zabelana ngeenjongo ezisisiseko. Zombini zibeka phambili ukhuseleko lwabathengi ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into. Zijolise ekukhuseleni abasebenzisi kwiingozi zemveliso, ziqinisekisa ukuba izinto zikhuselekile ekusetyenzisweni kwazo. Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lukwayinjongo ebalulekileyo efanayo. Imithetho kuzo zombini ezi ngingqi ifuna ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeemveliso kuyo yonke ixesha lobomi bazo. Oku kuquka imiqathango engqongqo kwizinto ezinobungozi, njengoko kubonwa kwi-RoHS Directive ye-EU kunye neenkxalabo ezifanayo e-US Ngaphezu koko, zombini ezi ngingqi zikhuthaza ulawulo olunoxanduva lokuphela kobomi, zikhuthaza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokulahla ngokufanelekileyo. Ndiqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zam ziyahlangabezana nezi njongo zidibeneyo, nokuba yeyiphi na indlela ethile yokuqinisekiswa. Ukuzinikela kwam kukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kuhlala kuhleli kuzo zonke iimarike endizikhonzayo.

Ndiqinisekisa ukuba ukumakishwa kwe-CE kubaluleke kakhulu ekufikeleleni kwimarike ye-EU, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yempilo nokhuseleko. Kwi-US, ndilandela imigangatho ye-CPSC, i-DOT, kunye neyoshishino lokuzithandela. Oku kuthobela yonke imithetho kubalulekile. Kuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zam zifikelela kubathengi ngokukhuselekileyo nangokomthetho, kukhusela abantu kunye nodumo lophawu lwam kwezi marike zibalulekileyo.

FAQ

Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweziqinisekiso zebhetri ze-EU kunye ne-US?

Ndifumanisa ukuba i-EU isebenzisa uphawu lwe-CE oludibeneyo. I-US ixhomekeke kwindibaniselwano yemithetho ye-arhente karhulumente kunye nemithetho ethile yelizwe.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iibhetri zam ze-alkaline azizifezekisi ezi ziqinisekiso?

Ndiyazi ukuba ukungathobeli imithetho kunokubangela ukwaliwa kokufikelela kwimarike, ukubanjwa kwemveliso, kunye nezohlwayo ezinkulu zemali. Oku konakalisa nodumo lophawu lwam.

Kutheni le nto ezi ziqinisekiso zibalulekile kwiibhetri ze-alkaline?

Ndikholelwa ukuba ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabathengi kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Zikwaqinisekisa ukufikelela okusemthethweni kwimarike yeemveliso zam.