Ndizibonele ngokwam indlela utshintsho lobushushu olunokuchaphazela ngayo ubomi bebhetri. Kwiindawo ezipholileyo, iibhetri zihlala ixesha elide. Kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu okanye ezishushu kakhulu, iibhetri ziwohloka ngokukhawuleza. Itshathi engasezantsi ibonisa indlela ubomi bebhetri obuncipha ngayo njengoko amaqondo obushushu enyuka:

Ingongoma ephambili: Ubushushu buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixesha elihlala ngalo iibhetri, ubushushu bubangela ukuguga ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza okunciphileyo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Amaqondo obushushu abandayo anciphisa amandla ebhetrikwaye ikhula ngokunciphisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali kunye nokwandisa ukumelana, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izixhobo zingasebenzi kakuhle.
• Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akhawulezisa ukuguga kwebhetri, anciphise ubomi bayo, kwaye andisa iingozi ezifana nokudumba, ukuvuza, kunye nomlilo, ngoko ke ukugcina iibhetri zipholile kubalulekile.
• Indawo yokugcina izinto efanelekileyo, ukutshaja okuqaphela ubushushu, kunye nokubeka esweni rhoqo kunceda ekukhuseleni iibhetri ekonakalisweni kwaye kwandise ubomi bazo nakweyiphi na imozulu.

Ukusebenza kwebhetri kumaqondo obushushu abandayo

Ukunciphisa Amandla kunye noBuchule

Xa ndisebenzisa iibhetri xa kubanda, ndibona ukwehla okucacileyo kwamandla azo. Njengoko amaqondo obushushu ehla ngaphantsi kwe-frozen, amandla ebhetri okuhambisa amandla ehla kakhulu. Umzekelo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinokulahlekelwa yi-40% yobubanzi bazo kufutshane ne-0 °F. Nokuba kubanda kakhulu, njenge-30s °F ephantsi, ndibona ukwehla kwe-5% kububanzi. Oku kwenzeka kuba ii-chemical reactions ngaphakathi kwebhetri ziyehla, kwaye ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuyanda. Ibhetri ayinakukwazi ukuhambisa umbane omninzi, kwaye izixhobo zinokuvala ngaphambi kwexesha elilindelweyo.

• Kwi-30s °F: malunga ne-5% yokulahleka koluhlu
• Kwi-20s °F: malunga ne-10% yokulahleka koluhlu
• Kwi-10 °F: malunga ne-30% yokulahleka koluhlu
• Kwi-0 °F: ukulahleka koluhlu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40%

Ingongoma ephambili: Amaqondo obushushu abandayo abangela ukwehla okukhulu kwamandla ebhetri, ingakumbi xa amaqondo obushushu esondela okanye ehla ngaphantsi kweqondo lokubanda.

Kutheni Iibhetri Zilwa Nomkhuhlane

Ndifunde ukuba imozulu ebandayo ichaphazela iibhetri kwinqanaba leekhemikhali nelomzimba. I-electrolyte engaphakathi kwebhetri iba nkulu, nto leyo ecothisa intshukumo yee-ion. Oku kuqiniswa kwe-viscosity kwenza kube nzima ukuba ibhetri inike amandla. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuyanyuka, okubangela ukuba i-voltage yehle xa ndisebenzisa ibhetri ephantsi komthwalo. Umzekelo, ibhetri esebenza kwi-100% yomthamo kubushushu begumbi inokubonelela malunga ne-50% kuphela kwi -18°C. Ukutshaja ebanda kunokubangelaiplating ye-lithium kwi-anode, nto leyo ekhokelela kumonakalo ongunaphakade kunye neengozi zokhuseleko.

Ingongoma ephambili: Imozulu ebandayo yonyusa ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwaye icothisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwehleni kwamandla ombane, ukuncipha kwamandla, kunye nomonakalo onokwenzeka webhetri ukuba ayitshajwanga ngendlela engafanelekanga.

Idatha yokwenyani kunye nemizekelo

Ndihlala ndijonga idatha yehlabathi lokwenyani ukuze ndiqonde indlela ukubanda okuchaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kwebhetri. Umzekelo, umnini weTesla Model Y uxele ukuba kwi -10°C, ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhetri yemoto kwehle ukuya kuthi ga kwi-54%, xa kuthelekiswa nangaphezulu kwe-80% ehlotyeni. Imoto yayifuna iindawo zokutshaja ezininzi kwaye yayingenakukwazi ukufikelela kuluhlu lwayo oluqhelekileyo. Izifundo ezinkulu, ezifana nohlalutyo lweRecurrent Auto lwezithuthi zombane ezingaphezu kwe-18,000, ziqinisekisa ukuba iimeko zasebusika zihlala zinciphisa uluhlu lwebhetri ngama-30-40%. Amaxesha okutshaja nawo ayanda, kwaye ukuqhobosheka okuvuselelayo akusebenzanga kakuhle. I-Norwegian Automobile Association ifumanise ukuba izithuthi zombane zilahlekelwe yi-32% yoluhlu lwazo kwimozulu ebandayo. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba imozulu ebandayo ayichaphazeli kuphela umthamo, kodwa ikwachaphazela nesantya sokutshaja kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

Ingongoma ephambili: Idatha yokwenyani evela kwizithuthi zombane kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi ibonisa ukuba imozulu ebandayo inokunciphisa uluhlu lweebhetri ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40%, yonyuse amaxesha okutshaja, kwaye inciphise ukusebenza.

Ixesha Lokuphila Kwebhetri Kumaqondo Obushushu Ashushu

Ukwaluphala Okukhawulezileyo Nobomi Obufutshane

Ndiyibonile indlela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokuthinciphisa ubomi bebhetriXa iibhetri zisebenza ngaphezu kwama-35°C (95°F), iikhemikhali zazo ziyakhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuguga ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulahleka kwamandla angenakulungiseka. Izifundo zesayensi zibonisa ukuba iibhetri ezichatshazelwe kwezi meko zilahlekelwa malunga nama-20-30% obomi bazo obulindelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezo zigcinwe kwiindawo ezipholileyo. Umzekelo, kwiindawo ezishushu, ixesha lokuphila kwebhetri liyehla liye kwiinyanga ezingama-40, ngelixa kwiindawo ezibandayo, iibhetri zinokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezingama-55. Lo mahluko uvela kwisantya esonyukayo sokuqhekeka kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwebhetri. Iibhetri zezithuthi zombane, umzekelo, zihlala phakathi kweminyaka eli-12 neli-15 kwiindawo ezishushu kodwa ziyiminyaka esi-8 ukuya kweli-12 kuphela kwiindawo ezifana nePhoenix, apho ubushushu obugqithisileyo buqhelekile khona. Kwaneefowuni eziphathwayo zibonisa ukonakala kwebhetri ngokukhawuleza xa zishiywe kwiindawo ezishushu okanye zitshajwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Ingongoma ephambili: Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akhawulezisa ukuguga kwebhetri, anciphisa ubomi bayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% kwaye abangele ukulahleka komthamo wayo ngokukhawuleza.

Iingozi Zokushushu Kakhulu Nokonakala

Ndisoloko ndinika ingqalelo kwiingozi eziza nobushushu obuphezulu. Xa iibhetri zishushu kakhulu, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zomonakalo. Ndibone iibhokisi zebhetri ezidumbileyo, umsi obonakalayo, kwaneebhetri ezikhupha ivumba leqanda elibolileyo. Iisekethe ezimfutshane zangaphakathi zinokubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ngamanye amaxesha zikhokelela ekuvuzeni okanye kwiingozi zomlilo. Ukutshaja kakhulu, ingakumbi kwiinkqubo zokutshaja ezingasebenzi kakuhle, kwandisa le mingcipheko. Ukuguguleka okunxulumene nobudala kukwabangela ukugqwala kwangaphakathi kunye nomonakalo wobushushu. Kwiimeko ezinzima, iibhetri zinokuba nokubaleka kobushushu, okukhokelela ekunyukeni kobushushu ngokukhawuleza, ukudumba, kwanokuqhuma. Iingxelo zibonisa ukuba imililo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion iyanda, kunye namawaka eziganeko minyaka le. Kwiinqwelomoya zabakhweli, iziganeko zokubaleka kobushushu zenzeka kabini ngeveki, zihlala zibangela ukufika ngokukhawuleza. Uninzi lwezi ziganeko lubangelwa kukushisa kakhulu, umonakalo womzimba, okanye iindlela zokutshaja ezingafanelekanga.

• Ibhokisi yebhetri evuvukileyo okanye evuvukileyo
• Umsi okanye umsi obonakalayo
• Umphezulu oshushu onevumba elingaqhelekanga
• Iisekethe ezimfutshane zangaphakathi kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo
• Ukuvuza, ukutshaya, okanye iingozi zomlilo
• Umonakalo osisigxina kunye nokunciphisa amandla okusebenza

Ingongoma ephambili: Ukufudumala okugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukudumba, ukuvuza, umlilo, kunye nomonakalo ongapheliyo webhetri, nto leyo eyenza ukhuseleko kunye nokuphathwa ngendlela efanelekileyo kube yimfuneko.

Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa kunye nemizekelo

Ndidla ngokuthelekisa ukusebenza kwebhetri kubushushu obahlukeneyo ukuze ndiqonde impembelelo yobushushu. Inani lemijikelo yokutshaja ibhetri elinokuyigqiba liyehla kakhulu njengoko ubushushu bunyuka. Umzekelo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezijikeleziswa kwi-25°C zinokuhlala imijikelo emalunga ne-3,900 ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele kwi-80% yempilo. Kwi-55°C, eli nani lehla liye kwimijikelo engama-250 kuphela. Oku kubonisa indlela ubushushu obunciphisa ngayo ubomi bebhetri.

Iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zebhetri nazo zisebenza ngokwahlukileyo kwiindawo ezishushu. Iibhetri zeLithium iron phosphate (LFP) zibonelela ngokumelana ngcono nobushushu kunye nobomi obude bomjikelo xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri zeLithium cobalt oxide (LCO) okanye iNickel cobalt aluminium (NCA). Iibhetri zeLFP zinokubonelela ngeetshaja ezipheleleyo ezisebenzayo ngaphambi kokuba ziwohloke, nto leyo ezenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezishushu. Imigangatho yeshishini icebisa ukugcina amaqondo obushushu ebhetri ephakathi kwama-20°C nama-25°C ukuze isebenze kakuhle. Izithuthi zombane zanamhlanje zisebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu eziphambili ukugcina amaqondo obushushu asebenzayo akhuselekileyo, kodwa ubushushu busengumngeni.

Ingongoma ephambili: Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ancipha kakhuluubomi bomjikelo webhetrikwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wokonakala. Ukukhetha ikhemistri yebhetri efanelekileyo kunye nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu kunceda ukugcina ukhuseleko kunye nexesha elide.

Iingcebiso Zokunyamekela Ibhetri Ngalo Naliphi na Iqondo Lobushushu

Iindlela Zokugcina Ezikhuselekileyo

Ndisoloko ndibeka phambili indawo yokugcina efanelekileyo ukuze ndikwazi ukugcina ixesha elide lebhetri. Abavelisi bacebisa ukuba igcinwe.iibhetri ze-lithium-ionkubushushu begumbi, kungcono ukuba phakathi kwe-15°C kunye ne-25°C, kunye netshaja engaphelelanga ye-40–60%. Ukugcina iibhetri zitshajwe ngokupheleleyo okanye kubushushu obuphezulu kukhawulezisa ukulahleka kwamandla kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wokhuseleko. Kwiibhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride, ndilandela izikhokelo zokuzigcina phakathi kwe--20°C kunye ne-+35°C kwaye ndizitshaje rhoqo ngonyaka. Ndiyakuphepha ukushiya iibhetri kwiimoto ezishushu okanye elangeni ngqo, kuba amaqondo obushushu anokudlula i-60°C kwaye abangele ukuwohloka ngokukhawuleza. Ndigcina iibhetri kwiindawo ezipholileyo, ezomileyo ezinomswakama ophantsi ukuthintela ukugqwala nokuvuza. Itshathi engasezantsi ibonisa indlela amazinga okuzikhupha ngokwawo anda ngayo ngobushushu, igxininisa ukubaluleka kokugcinwa okulawulwa yimozulu.

Ingongoma ephambili: Gcina iibhetri kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwaye utshaje kancinci ukuze uthintele ukuzikhupha ngokukhawuleza kwaye wandise ixesha lokuphelelwa.

Iibhetri zokutshaja kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo

Ukutshaja iibhetri xa kubanda kakhulu okanye kushushu kufuna ingqalelo enzulu. Andikaze nditshaje iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ngaphantsi kweqhwa, njengoko oku kunokubangela i-lithium plating kunye nomonakalo ongunaphakade. Ndisebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo lweebhetri ezilungisa umsinga wokutshaja ngokusekelwe kubushushu, nto leyo enceda ukukhusela impilo yebhetri. Kwiimeko ezingaphantsi kwe-zero, ndifudumeza iibhetri kancinci ngaphambi kokutshaja kwaye ndiphephe ukukhupha amanzi amdaka. Kwizithuthi zombane, ndixhomekeke kwiimpawu zokulungisa kwangaphambili ukugcina ubushushu bebhetri obufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokutshaja. Iitshaja ezikrelekrele zisebenzisa iiprotokholi eziguquguqukayo ukuphucula isantya sokutshaja kunye nokunciphisa ukubola komthamo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezibandayo. Ndihlala nditshaja iibhetri kwiindawo ezinomthunzi, ezinomoya kwaye ndizikhuphe xa sele zitshajiwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ingongoma ephambili: Sebenzisa amaqhinga okutshaja aqonda ubushushu kunye neetshaja ezikrelekrele ukukhusela iibhetri ekonakalisweni kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokuBek' esweni

Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokubeka iliso kundinceda ndibone iingxaki zebhetri kwangethuba. Ndenza uvavanyo lwempilo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, ndigxile kumbane, ubushushu, kunye nemeko yomzimba. Ndisebenzisa iinkqubo zokubeka iliso ngexesha langempela ezibonelela ngezaziso malunga nobushushu okanye ukungaqheleki kwembane, okuvumela impendulo ekhawulezileyo kwiingxaki ezinokubakho. Ndigcina iibhetri kwiindawo ezinomthunzi, ezinomoya ococekileyo kwaye ndisebenzisa i-insulation okanye izigqubuthelo ezibonisa ukukhanya ukuze ndizikhusele ekutshintsheni kobushushu. Ndiyakuphepha ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lemozulu eshushu kwaye ndiqinisekisa ukuba umoya ungena kakuhle kwiindawo zebhetri. Uhlengahlengiso lwexesha lonyaka kwimisebenzi yokulungisa lundinceda ndiziqhelanise notshintsho lokusingqongileyo kwaye ndiphucule ukusebenza kwebhetri.

Ingongoma ephambili: Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo yebhetri kunye nokuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle okunxulumene nobushushu.

Ndiyibonile indlela ubushushu obuyibumba ngayo indlela esebenza ngayo ibhetri kunye nobomi bayo. Le theyibhile ingezantsi igxininisa izibalo ezibalulekileyo:

• Ukupholisa ukuntywiliselwa kunye nolawulo oluphezulu lobushushu kwandisa ubomi bebhetri kwaye kuphucula ukhuseleko.
• Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokugcina nokutshaja zinceda ekuthinteleni ukuwohloka ngokukhawuleza.

Ingongoma ephambili: Ukukhusela iibhetri kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kuqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo obude kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo.

FAQ

Ubushushu buyichaphazela njani ibhetri xa itshajwa?

Ndiyaqaphela ukubaiibhetri zokutshajaxa kubanda kakhulu okanye kushushu kakhulu kunokubangela umonakalo okanye kunciphise ukusebenza kakuhle. Ndisoloko nditshaja kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi ukuze ndifumane iziphumo ezilungileyo.

Ingongoma ephambili:Ukutshaja kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kukhusela impilo yebhetri kwaye kuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngaba ndingazigcina iibhetri emotweni yam ehlotyeni okanye ebusika?

Ndiyakuphepha ukushiya iibhetri emotweni yam ngexesha lasehlotyeni elishushu okanye ebusika obubandayo. Amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo ngaphakathi kwiimoto anokunciphisa ubomi bebhetri okanye abangele iingozi zokhuseleko.

Ingongoma ephambili:Gcina iibhetri kwiindawo ezipholileyo nezomileyo ukuthintela umonakalo obangelwa kubushushu obugqithisileyo.

Zeziphi iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba ibhetri yonakele ngenxa yobushushu?

Ndikhangela ukudumba, ukuvuza, okanye ukusebenza okunciphileyo. Ezi mpawu zidla ngokuthetha ukuba ibhetri idlule ekushiseni okanye ebanda, nto leyo enokubangela umonakalo ongapheliyo.

Ingongoma ephambili:Utshintsho olubonakalayo okanye isignali yokusebenza kakubi okunokwenzeka kumonakalo webhetri onxulumene nobushushu.