Ndizibonele ngokwam ukuba ukutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu kunokubuchaphazela njani ubomi bebhetri. Kwiimozulu ezipholileyo, iibhetri zihlala ixesha elide. Kwiindawo ezishushu okanye ezishushu kakhulu, iibhetri zithomalalisa ngokukhawuleza. Itshathi engezantsi ibonisa indlela ubomi bebhetri obulindelekileyo behla ngayo njengoko amaqondo obushushu enyuka:

Inqaku eliPhambili: Ubushushu buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zihlala ixesha elingakanani iibhetri, kunye nobushushu obubangela ukuguga ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza.

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

• Amaqondo obushushu abandayo anciphisa amandla ebhetrikunye noluhlu ngokucotha ukuphendula kweekhemikhali kunye nokwandisa ukuxhathisa, okubangela ukuba izixhobo zisebenze kakubi.
• Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akhawulezisa ukuguga kwebhetri, anciphise ubomi, kwaye anyuse imingcipheko efana nokudumba, ukuvuza, kunye nomlilo, ngoko ke ukugcina iibhetri zipholile kubalulekile.
• Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukutshaja okuqaphela ubushushu, kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo kunceda ukukhusela iibhetri kumonakalo kunye nokwandisa ubomi bazo nakweyiphi na imozulu.

Ukusebenza kwebhetri kubushushu obubandayo

Isakhono esiNcitshisiweyo kunye namandla

Xa ndisebenzisa iibhetri kwimozulu ebandayo, ndibona ukuhla okucacileyo kumthamo kunye namandla abo. Njengoko amaqondo obushushu ehla ngaphantsi kweqondo lomkhenkce, ukukwazi kwebhetri ukuzisa amandla ehla kakhulu. Umzekelo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinokuphulukana ne-40% yoluhlu lwazo kufutshane ne-0 °F. Nokuba kubanda kakhulu, njengakwi-30s °F ephantsi, ndibona malunga nokuncipha kwe-5% kuluhlu. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ukuphendula kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwebhetri kuyancipha, kwaye ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwanda. Ibhetri ayinakuzisa umsinga omninzi, kwaye izixhobo zinokucima kwangoko kunoko bekulindelekile.

• Nge-30s °F: malunga ne-5% yoluhlu lwelahleko
• Nge-20s °F: malunga ne-10% yoluhlu lwelahleko
• Nge-10 °F: malunga ne-30% yoluhlu lwelahleko
• Kwi-0 °F: ukuya kuma-40% ilahleko yoluhlu

Inqaku eliPhambili: Amaqondo obushushu abandayo abangela ukwehla okubonakalayo kumthamo webhetri namandla, ngakumbi njengoko amaqondo obushushu esondela okanye ehla ngaphantsi komkhenkce.

Kutheni iibhetri zisokola kwingqele

Ndifundile ukuba imozulu ebandayo ichaphazela iibhetri kwinqanaba lemichiza kunye nelomzimba. I-electrolyte ngaphakathi kwebhetri iba ngqindilili, nto leyo inciphisa ukuhamba kweeyoni. Oku kwanda kwe-viscosity kwenza kube nzima kwibhetri ukuhambisa amandla. Ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kuyenyuka, kubangela ukuba amandla ombane ehle xa ndisebenzisa ibhetri phantsi komthwalo. Umzekelo, ibhetri esebenza kwi-100% umthamo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi inokubonelela kuphela malunga ne-50% kwi -18°C. Ukutshaja kubanda nako kunokubangelaUkufakwa kwe-lithium kwi-anode, ekhokelela kumonakalo ongunaphakade kunye neengozi zokhuseleko.

Inqaku eliPhambili: Imozulu ebandayo inyusa ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwaye icotha ukusabela kweekhemikhali, okukhokelela ekuhlahleni kombane, umthamo oncitshisiweyo, kunye nomonakalo onokwenzeka webhetri ukuba uhlawuliswe ngokungafanelekanga.

Idatha yeHlabathi yokwenyani kunye nemizekelo

Ndihlala ndijonga idatha yehlabathi lokwenyani ukuqonda ukuba ukubanda kukuchaphazela njani ukusebenza kwebhetri. Ngokomzekelo, umnini we-Tesla Model Y wabika ukuba kwi--10 ° C, ukusebenza kwebhetri yemoto kwehla malunga ne-54%, xa kuthelekiswa ne-80% ehlobo. Imoto yayifuna iindawo zokutshaja ngakumbi kwaye yayingakwazi ukufikelela kwindawo yayo eqhelekileyo. Izifundo ezinkulu, ezifana nohlalutyo lwe-Recurrent Auto lwezithuthi zombane ezingaphezu kwe-18,000, ziqinisekisa ukuba iimeko zasebusika zihlala zinciphisa uluhlu lwebhetri ngama-30-40%. Amaxesha okutshaja nawo anda, kwaye ukunyanyiswa kwesiqhoboshi kuyancipha ukusebenza kakuhle. I-Norwegian Automobile Association yafumanisa ukuba iimoto zombane zilahlekelwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-32% yoluhlu lwazo kwimozulu ebandayo. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba imozulu ebandayo ayichaphazeli nje kuphela umthamo, kodwa kunye nesantya sokutshaja kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi.

Inqaku eliPhambili: Idatha ye-real-world data evela kwizithuthi zombane kunye ne-electronics yabathengi ibonisa ukuba imozulu ebandayo inokunciphisa uluhlu lwebhetri ukuya kwi-40%, ukwandisa amaxesha okuhlawula, kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza.

Ubomi bebhetri kumaqondo obushushu ashushu

Ukuguga okukhawulezileyo kunye noBomi obufutshane

Ndiyibonile indlela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokwenza ngayo ngokumangalisayonciphisa ubomi bebhetri. Xa iibhetri zisebenza ngaphezu kwe-35°C (95°F), iikhemikhali zazo zisebenza ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuguga okukhawulezileyo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesakhono esingenakuguqulwa. Uphononongo lwezeNzululwazi lubonisa ukuba iibhetri ezivezwe kwezi meko zilahlekelwa malunga ne-20-30% yobomi bazo obulindelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezo zigcinwe kwimozulu epholileyo. Umzekelo, kwiindawo ezishushu, ixesha lokuphila kwebhetri liyehla ukuya kwiinyanga ezingama-40, ngelixa kwiindawo ezibandayo, iibhetri zinokuhlala ukuya kwiinyanga ezingama-55. Lo mahluko uvela kwisantya esonyukayo sokuqhekeka kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwebhetri. Iibhetri zezithuthi zombane, umzekelo, zihlala phakathi kwe-12 kunye ne-15 iminyaka kwiindawo zemozulu ezimodareyitha kodwa kuphela i-8 ukuya kwi-12 iminyaka kwiindawo ezifana nePhoenix, apho ukushisa okukhulu kuqhelekileyo. Nokuba ii-smartphones zibonisa ukonakaliswa kwebhetri ngokukhawuleza xa zishiywe kwindawo ezishushu okanye zihlawulwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Inqaku eliPhambili: Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akhawulezisa ukuguga kwebhetri, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphila ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% kwaye kubangele ukulahleka kwamandla ngokukhawuleza.

Imingcipheko yoKutshisa ngokugqithisileyo kunye nomonakalo

Ndihlala ndinikela ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza kwiingozi eziza nokugqithisa. Xa iibhetri zishushu kakhulu, iintlobo ezininzi zomonakalo zinokwenzeka. Ndibone iibhetri ezidumbileyo, umsi obonakalayo, kunye neebhetri zikhupha ivumba leqanda elibolileyo. Iisekethe ezimfutshane zangaphakathi zinokuvelisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ngamanye amaxesha okukhokelela ekuvuzeni okanye kwiingozi zomlilo. Ukuntywila, ngakumbi ngeenkqubo zokutshaja ezingalunganga, kwandisa le mingcipheko. Ukunxiba okunxulumene nobudala nako kubangela ukubola kwangaphakathi kunye nomonakalo wobushushu. Kwiimeko ezimandundu, iibhetri zinokufumana ukubaleka kwe-thermal, okukhokelela ekunyukeni ngokukhawuleza kobushushu, ukudumba, kunye nokudubula. Iingxelo zibonisa ukuba imililo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion iyanda, kunye namawaka eziganeko ngonyaka. Kwiinqwelomoya zabakhweli, izehlo zokubaleka ezishushu zenzeka kabini ngeveki, zihlala zibangela ukuhla okungxamisekileyo. Uninzi lwezi ziganeko zibangelwa kubushushu obugqithisileyo, ukonakala komzimba, okanye izenzo zokutshaja ezingafanelekanga.

• Ibhetri edumbileyo okanye edumbile
• Umsi obonakalayo okanye umsi
• Umphezulu oshushu onamavumba angaqhelekanga
• Iisekethe ezimfutshane zangaphakathi kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo
• Ukuvuza, ukutshaya, okanye iingozi zomlilo
• Umonakalo osisigxina kunye nokunciphisa umthamo

Inqaku eliPhambili: Ukushisa ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubangela ukuvuvukala, ukuvuza, umlilo, kunye nomonakalo osisigxina webhetri, ukwenza ukhuseleko kunye nokuphathwa okufanelekileyo kubalulekile.

Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa kunye nemizekelo

Ndihlala ndithelekisa ukusebenza kwebhetri kuwo wonke amaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo ukuqonda ifuthe lobushushu. Inani lemijikelo yentlawulo ibhetri inokugqibezela ihla ngokukhawuleza njengoko amaqondo obushushu enyuka. Ngokomzekelo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezijikelezayo kwi-25 ° C zingahlala malunga nemijikelezo ye-3,900 ngaphambi kokufikelela kwi-80% yempilo. Kuma-55°C, eli nani lehla liye kutsho kuma-250 kuphela imijikelo. Oku kubonisa indlela ubushushu obunciphisa kakhulu ngayo ubomi bebhetri.

Iikhemistri zebhetri ezahlukeneyo nazo zenza ngokwahlukileyo kwiindawo ezishushu. Iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) zinika ukuchasana okungcono kubushushu kunye nobomi bomjikelezo obude xa kuthelekiswa ne-lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) okanye i-nickel cobalt aluminium (NCA) iibhetri. Iibhetri ze-LFP zinokuzisa iintlawulo ezigcweleyo ezisebenzayo ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuthotywa, zizenze zikhetheke ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezishushu. Imigangatho yoshishino icebisa ukuba kugcinwe amaqondo obushushu ebhetri phakathi kwe 20°C kunye ne 25°C ukuze isebenze ngokugqibeleleyo. Izithuthi zombane zanamhlanje zisebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo oluphezulu lwe-thermal ukugcina ubushushu bokusebenza obukhuselekileyo, kodwa ubushushu buhlala bungumngeni.

Inqaku eliPhambili: Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anciphisa kakhuluubomi bomjikelo webhetrikunye nokwandisa ingozi yomonakalo. Ukukhetha i-chemistry efanelekileyo yebhetri kunye nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokulawula i-thermal kunceda ukugcina ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.

Iingcebiso zokhathalelo lwebhetri kulo naliphi na iqondo lobushushu

Iindlela zokuGcina eziKhuselekileyo

Ndihlala ndibeka phambili ugcino olufanelekileyo ukwandisa ubomi beshelufu yebhetri. Abavelisi bacebisa ukugcinwaiibhetri ze-lithium-ionkwiqondo lokushisa, ngokufanelekileyo phakathi kwe-15 ° C kunye ne-25 ° C, kunye nentlawulo eyinxenye ye-40-60%. Ukugcina iibhetri zigcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo okanye kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kukhawulezisa ukulahleka kwamandla kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wokhuseleko. Kwiibhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride, ndilandela izikhokelo zokuzigcina phakathi kwe-20°C kunye ne +35°C kwaye ndizitshaje kwakhona ngonyaka. Ndiyakuphepha ukushiya iibhetri kwiimoto ezishushu okanye ilanga elithe ngqo, kuba amaqondo okushisa angadlula i-60 ° C kwaye abangele ukuthotywa ngokukhawuleza. Ndigcina iibhetri kwiindawo ezipholileyo, ezomileyo ezinomswakama ophantsi ukuthintela ukubola kunye nokuvuza. Itshathi engezantsi ibonisa indlela amazinga okuzikhupha anyuka ngayo kunye nokushisa, ebonisa ukubaluleka kokugcinwa kokulawulwa kwemozulu.

Inqaku eliPhambili: Gcina iibhetri kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kunye nentlawulo engaphelelanga ukuthintela ukuzikhupha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwandisa ubomi beshelufu.

Ukutshaja iibhetri kwiiMeko eziBabekileyo

Ukutshaja iibhetri kwingqele egqithisileyo okanye kubushushu obugqithisileyo kufuna ingqalelo enononophelo. Andizange ndihlawulise iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ngaphantsi komkhenkce, njengoko oku kunokubangela i-lithium plating kunye nomonakalo osisigxina. Ndisebenzisa iisistim zolawulo lwebhetri ezilungelelanisa ukutshaja ngoku ngokusekwe kubushushu, nto leyo inceda ukukhusela impilo yebhetri. Kwiimeko ezingaphantsi kwe-zero, ndifudumeza iibhetri kancinane phambi kokutshaja kwaye ndinqanda ukukhutshwa okunzulu. Kwizithuthi zombane, ndithembele kwiimpawu zangaphambili ukugcina ubushushu bebhetri obufanelekileyo phambi kokutshaja. Iitshaja ezihlakaniphile zisebenzisa iiprothokholi eziguquguqukayo ukongeza isantya sokutshaja kunye nokunciphisa ukubola kwamandla, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezibandayo. Ndihlala ndihlawulisa iibhetri kwindawo ezinomthunzi, iindawo ezingena umoya kwaye ndizikhuphe xa sele zichajiwe ngokupheleleyo.

Inqaku eliPhambili: Sebenzisa izicwangciso zokutshaja eziqaphela ubushushu kunye neetshaja ezihlakaniphile ukukhusela iibhetri emonakalweni kwiimeko ezinzima.

ULondolozo kunye nokuBeka iliso

Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokubeka iliso kundinceda ndibone imiba yebhetri kwangoko. Ndihlola impilo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, ndigxile kumbane, ubushushu, kunye nemeko yomzimba. Ndisebenzisa iinkqubo zokubeka iliso zexesha lokwenyani ezibonelela ngezilumkiso zeqondo lobushushu okanye i-voltage anomalies, evumela impendulo ekhawulezileyo kwiingxaki ezinokubakho. Ndigcina iibhetri kwindawo ezinomthunzi, iindawo ezinomoya owaneleyo kwaye ndisebenzisa i-insulation okanye izigqubuthelo ezikhanyayo ukuze zikhuseleke ekutshintsheni kobushushu. Ndiyakuphepha ukutshaja okukhawulezayo ngexesha lemozulu eshushu kwaye ndiqinisekisa ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo kwiindawo zebhetri. Uhlengahlengiso lwamaxesha onyaka kwiindlela zogcino lundinceda ndiqhelane notshintsho lwemo engqongileyo kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwebhetri.

Inqaku eliphambili: Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo yebhetri kunye nokukhusela ukungaphumeleli okuhambelana nokushisa.

Ndiyibonile indlela ubushushu obubumba ngayo ukusebenza kwebhetri kunye nobomi. Itheyibhile engezantsi iqaqambisa iinkcukacha-manani eziphambili:

• Ukupholisa ngokuntywiliselwa kunye nolawulo oluphezulu lwe-thermal bandisa ubomi bebhetri kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko.
• Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye neendlela zokutshaja zinceda ukuthintela ukuthotywa ngokukhawuleza.

Inqaku eliPhambili: Ukukhusela iibhetri kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu kuqinisekisa ubomi obude benkonzo kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo.

FAQ

Ubushushu bukuchaphazela njani ukutshaja kwebhetri?

Ndiyayiqaphela loo ntoukutshaja iibhetrikubanda kakhulu okanye ubushushu bunokubangela umonakalo okanye ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ndihlala ndihlawulisa kubushushu obuphakathi ngeziphumo ezingcono.

Inqaku eliPhambili:Ukutshaja kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kukhusela impilo yebhetri kwaye iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo.

Ndingagcina iibhetri emotweni yam ehlotyeni okanye ebusika?

Ndiyakuphepha ukushiya iibhetri emotweni yam ngexesha lehlobo elishushu okanye ebusika obuqhaqhazelis’ amazinyo. Amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo ngaphakathi kwezithuthi angenza bufutshane ubomi bebhetri okanye abangele imingcipheko yokhuseleko.

Inqaku eliPhambili:Gcina iibhetri kwiindawo ezipholileyo, ezomileyo ukukhusela umonakalo kwiqondo lokushisa.

Zeziphi iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba ibhetri ichaphazeleke kumonakalo wobushushu?

Ndijonge ukudumba, ukuvuza, okanye ukunciphisa ukusebenza. Ezi mpawu zihlala zithetha ukuba ibhetri ifumene ubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye umkhenkce, nto leyo enokukhokelela kumonakalo osisigxina.

Inqaku eliPhambili:Utshintsho olwenzekayo okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kophawu olunokwenzeka lomonakalo webhetri onxulumene nobushushu.