Iziseko zeBatri yealkaline: IKhemistri ityhilwe

Iibhetri zealkaline zinika amandla uninzi lwezixhobo zakho zemihla ngemihla. Ibhetri yeAlkaline lukhetho oludumileyo ngenxa yokuthembeka kwayo kunye nokufikeleleka kwayo. Uzifumana kwiiremote controls, iiwotshi, kunye neetotshi, ezibonelela ngombane ozinzileyo nohlala ixesha elide. Ezi bhetri zithatha indawo enkulu yeebhetri eziveliswayo kwihlabathi jikelele, ngaphezulu kwe-10 yeebhiliyoni zeeyunithi eziveliswa ngonyaka. Ukukwazi kwabo ukuhambisa ubuninzi bamandla obungcono kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi kwenza ibhetri yeAlkaline ilungele izixhobo eziphantsi ukuya kwimodareyitha yokukhupha amanzi. Njengoko imakethi iqhubeka nokukhula, iibhetri zealkaline zihlala zibalulekile ekunikeni amandla ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.

Amacandelo asisiseko kunye nezixhobo

Iibhetri zealkaline zisisiseko ekunikeni amandla uninzi lwezixhobo zakho zemihla ngemihla. Ukuqonda amacandelo abo asisiseko kunokukunceda uqonde indlela asebenza ngayo kwaye kutheni esebenza kakuhle.

Zinc

Indima kwibhetri

I-Zinc isebenza njenge-anode kwibhetri yealkaline. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwintshukumo yemichiza eyenza umbane. Xa usebenzisa ibhetri yealkaline, i-zinc ifumana i-oxidation, ikhupha ii-electron ezihamba kwisixhobo sakho, isinika amandla ngokufanelekileyo.

Iipropati kunye neenzuzo

I-Zinc ikhethwa ngenxa ye-conductivity egqwesileyo kunye nokukwazi ukukhulula amandla ngokuthe ngcembe. Le ntsimbi ayininzi kuphela kodwa ikwabiza imali eninzi, yenza ukuba iibhetri zealkaline zifikeleleke ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi. Iipropati zayo ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zakho zifumana unikezelo lwamandla olungaguqukiyo, luphucula ukusebenza kwazo kunye nobomi obude.

IManganese Dioxide

Ukusebenza kwibhetri

IManganese diokside isebenza njengecathode kwibhetri yealkaline. Inoxanduva lwenkqubo yokunciphisa, ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni umbane. Xa ii-electron ziphuma kwi-zinc anode, i-manganese dioxide iyayamkela, igqibezela isekethe kwaye ivumela isixhobo sakho ukuba sisebenze.

Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo

I-Manganese dioxide yaziwa ngokuxinana kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokucoceka, okunegalelo kumthamo webhetri. Esi sixhobo sibonelela ngoxinano lwamandla olungcono xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zebhetri, iqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zakho zisebenza ixesha elide ngaphandle kokutshintshwa rhoqo. Ukuzinza kwayo kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvuza, ukwenza iibhetri ze-alkali zibe zikhetho ezinokuthenjwa.

Potassium Hydroxide

Injongo njenge-electrolyte

I-potassium hydroxide isebenza njenge-electrolyte kwibhetri yealkaline. Iququzelela ukuhamba kwee-ion phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode, eyenza ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali ezivelisa umbane. Ngokungafaniyo namanye amacandelo, i-potassium hydroxide ayidliwe ngexesha lokuphendula, igcina igxininise kubomi bebhetri.

Impembelelo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri

Ubukho be-potassium hydroxide bonyusa ukusebenza kwebhetri ngokuqinisekisa uthutho lwe-ion olululo. Le electrolyte inceda ukugcina amandla ombane azinzileyo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni okungaguqukiyo kwezixhobo zakho. Indima yayo ekugcineni ibhalansi yentlawulo igalelo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kunye nokuthembeka kweebhetri ze-alkaline.

Iimpendulo zeMichiza kwiibhetri zeAlkaline

Ukuqonda ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwibhetri yeAlkaline kukunceda ukuba uqonde indlela esebenza ngayo le mithombo yamandla. Ukusabela kwenzeka kwi-anode kunye ne-cathode, kunye ne-electrolyte edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni ezi nkqubo.

Anode Reactions

Inkqubo ye-oxidation

Kwibhetri yeAlkaline, i-anode iqulethe isinyithi se-zinc. Xa usebenzisa ibhetri, i-zinc ifumana inkqubo ye-oxidation. Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-athomu ze-zinc zilahlekelwa yi-electron, ziguqula zibe zi-ion zinc. Le lahleko ye-electron ibalulekile kuba iqalisa ukuhamba kombane kwisixhobo sakho. I-oxidation ye-zinc yindlela yokusabela engundoqo eyenza izixhobo zakho zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Indlela yokukhupha amandla

Indlela yokukhupha amandla kwibhetri yeAlkaline ithe ngqo. Njengoko i-zinc i-oxidize, ikhupha ii-electron. Ezi electron zihamba kwisekethe yangaphandle, zinika amandla afunekayo ukunika amandla izixhobo zakho. Oku kuhamba kwee-electron yinto othembele kuyo ukugcina izixhobo zakho zisebenza kakuhle.

Iimpendulo zeCathode

Inkqubo yokunciphisa

Kwi-cathode, imanganese dioxide idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kwibhetri yeAlkaline, inkqubo yokunciphisa iyenzeka apha. I-Manganese dioxide yamkela ii-electron ezikhutshwe yi-zinc anode. Oku kwamkelwa kwee-electron kubalulekile ekugqibezeleni isekethe yombane. Ngaphandle kwale nkqubo yokunciphisa, ibhetri ayinakusebenza kakuhle.

Indima ekwenziweni kombane

Indima yecathode ekuveliseni umbane ibalulekile. Ngokwamkela ii-electron, i-manganese dioxide iququzelela ukuhamba okuqhubekayo kombane. Oku kuhamba koko kuxhobisa izixhobo zakho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza njengoko kulindelekile. Ukunciphisa kwi-cathode kuhambelana ne-oxidation kwi-anode, okwenza ibhetri yeAlkaline ibe ngumthombo wamandla othembekileyo.

Electrolyte Umsebenzi

Uthutho lwe-ion

I-potassium hydroxide isebenza njenge-electrolyte kwibhetri yealkaline. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuthutha i-ion phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode. Le ntshukumo ye-ion ibalulekile ekugcineni ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezenza umbane. I-Potassium hydroxide iqinisekisa ukuba ii-ion zihamba ngokukhululekileyo, zixhasa ukusebenza kwebhetri iyonke.

Ukugcina ibhalansi yentlawulo

Ukugcina ibhalansi yentlawulo ngomnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo we-electrolyte. I-potassium hydroxide inceda ukugcina iintlawulo zilungelelene ngaphakathi kwebhetri. Le bhalansi iyimfuneko ekusebenzeni okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo zakho. Ngokuqinisekisa uthutho olululo lwe-ion kunye nebhalansi yentlawulo, i-electrolyte inegalelo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri ye-Alkaline kunye nokuthembeka.

Ukuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zebhetri

Xa uphonononga ihlabathi leebhetri, ukuqonda iingenelo kunye nokungonakali kweebhetri zealkaline xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo kunokukunceda wenze ukhetho olunolwazi.

Izinto eziluncedo kwiibhetri zealkaline

Ubomi obude

Iibhetri zealkaline zibonelela aubomi obude xa kuthelekiswa nobuninziezinye iintlobo zebhetri. Uyazuza kuxinzelelo lwamandla aphezulu, okuthetha ukuba banokunika izixhobo zakho amandla ixesha elide. Ngokungafaniyo neebhetri ze-zinc-carbon, iibhetri zealkaline zigcina amandla ombane angaguqukiyo kulo lonke ixesha lokusebenzisa kwazo, ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zakho zegajethi zisebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kokuhla kwamandla ngequbuliso. Oku kuphila ixesha elide kubenza balungele izixhobo ezifuna amandla angaguqukiyo ekuhambeni kwexesha, njengolawulo olukude kunye neewotshi.

Ukungabikho kwe-carbon rod

Enye yezinto eziphawulekayo kwiibhetri ze-alkali kukungabikho kwentonga ye-carbon. Lo mahluko woyilo ubenza bahluke kwiibhetri ze-zinc-carbon zemveli. Ngaphandle kwentonga yekhabhoni, iibhetri ze-alkaline zibonelela ngoxinano lwamandla olungcono kunye nokuphuculwa kokumelana nokuvuza. Unokuthembela kubo ukunika amandla izixhobo zakho ngaphandle komngcipheko wokuvuza, oko kunokonakalisa i-elektroniki yakho. Oku kungabikho kukwanegalelo kubomi babo beshelufu obude, kukuvumela ukuba uzigcinele ukusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nokuthotywa kokusebenza.

Izinto ezingeloncedo xa zithelekiswa neebhetri eziTshajwa kwakhona

Indalo engenakutshajwa

Ngelixa iibhetri zealkaline zigqwesa kwiindawo ezininzi, zinemida. Enye into eyintsilelo ebalulekileyo yindalo yazo engahlawulekiyo. Xa sele ziphelile, kufuneka uzibuyisele endaweni yazo, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekwenyukeni kwenkcitho kunye neendleko ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokwahlukileyo, iibhetri ezihlaziywayo, ezifana ne-NiMH, zingasetyenziselwa amaxesha amaninzi, zinika isisombululo esizinzileyo kunye neendleko ezisebenzayo zokusetyenziswa rhoqo. Ukuba ubeka phambili iingqwalasela zemo engqongileyo kunye nogcino lwexesha elide, iinketho ezinokutshajwa kwakhona zinokufaneleka ngakumbi.

Iingqwalasela zokusingqongileyo

Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeebhetri zealkali yenye into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Njengeebhetri ezilahlwayo, zinegalelo kwinkunkuma yokulahla inkunkuma xa ingalahlwanga ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona ziqulathe imathiriyeli eyityhefu embalwa kunezinye iindidi zebhetri, ukulahlwa okunoxanduva kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kubalulekile ukunciphisa imo yokusingqongileyo. Unganceda ukunciphisa le mpembelelo ngokulandela iindlela zokulahla ezicetyiswayo kunye nokuphonononga iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha ezikhoyo kwindawo yakho.

Ukusetyenziswa okuFanekayo kunye nokuLahla

Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa kunye nokulahla ibhetri yeAlkaline ngokufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Apha, uya kufumana izikhokelo zokwandisa ubomi bebhetri kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

Imigaqo yokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo

Iingcebiso zokugcina

Ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri yakho yeAlkaline, yigcine kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo. Gwema ubushushu obugqithisileyo, njengoko ubushushu bunokubangela ukuvuza kunye nokubanda kunokunciphisa ukusebenza. Gcina iibhetri kwipakethe yazo yokuqala de uzifune. Oku kuthintela ukukhutshwa ngengozi kwaye kuyabakhusela kwizinto zokusingqongileyo. Ukuba ugcina iibhetri ezininzi kunye, qiniseka ukuba azibambani ukunqanda iisekethe ezimfutshane.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko

Xa usebenzisa ibhetri yeAlkaline, landela izilumkiso zokhuseleko ukuthintela iingozi. Faka iibhetri ngokuchanekileyo, ulungelelanisa iziphelo ezilungileyo kunye nezibi kunye neempawu zesixhobo. Musa ukuxuba iibhetri ezindala kunye ezintsha okanye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, njengoko oku kunokubangela ukuvuza okanye ukugqabhuka. Ukuba ibhetri iyavuza, yiphathe ngononophelo. Sebenzisa iiglavu ukucoca indawo kunye nokulahla ibhetri ngokufanelekileyo. Ngalo lonke ixesha gcina iibhetri kwindawo engafikelelekiyo ebantwaneni kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya ukuthintela ukuginya.

Ukulahlwa kunye nokuRecycling

Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo

Ukulahlwa ngokungafanelekanga kweeBattery zeAlkaline kungonakalisa okusingqongileyo. Zinezinyithi ezinokuthi, ukuba aziphathwanga kakuhle, zinokungena emhlabeni nasemanzini. Nangona inetyhefu encinci kunezinye iindidi zebhetri, zisenegalelo kwinkunkuma yokulahla inkunkuma. Ngokuqonda ifuthe labo lokusingqongileyo, unokuthatha amanyathelo okuwunciphisa.

Iindlela zokulahla ezicetyiswayo

Lahla iibhetri zeAlkaline ngokuthembekileyo ukunciphisa ingozi yendalo esingqongileyo. Uluntu oluninzi lubonelela ngeenkqubo zokurisayikilisha ngokukodwa iibhetri. Jonga imimiselo yendawo kunye neendawo zokulahla ukuze kusetyenziswe ibhetri. Ukuba ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona akufumaneki, landela izikhokelo zasekuhlaleni ukuze ulahlwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Abanye abathengisi banikezela ngeenkonzo zokuqokelela ibhetri. Ngokukhetha olu khetho, unceda ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nokukhuthaza izenzo ezizinzileyo.

Uphonononge amacandelo abalulekileyo kunye neekhemikhali eziphendulayo ezenza iibhetri zealkaline zibe ngumthombo wamandla othembekileyo. I-Zinc, i-manganese dioxide, kunye ne-potassium hydroxide zisebenza kunye ukuhambisa amandla angaguqukiyo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kukunceda ukuba uxabise ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhetri kunye nobomi obude. Ukuqonda iingenelo kunye nemida yeebhetri zealkaline kukukhokelela ekwenzeni ukhetho olunolwazi lwezixhobo zakho. Ngokulandela usetyenziso olufanelekileyo kunye nezikhokelo zokulahla, ufaka igalelo kuzinzo lokusingqongileyo. Ukubamba ikhemistri ngasemva kweebhetri zealkaline kukuvumela ukuba uzisebenzise ngokufanelekileyo nangenkathalo kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.