Iziseko zeBhetri yeAlkaline: Ikhemistri Ityhilwe

Iibhetri ze-alkaline zinika amandla izixhobo zakho zemihla ngemihla. Ibhetri ye-Alkaline lukhetho oludumileyo ngenxa yokuthembeka kwayo kunye nokufikeleleka kwayo. Uzifumana kwiilawuli ezikude, iiwotshi, kunye neetotshi, zibonelela ngombane ozinzileyo nohlala ixesha elide. Ezi bhetri ziyinxalenye enkulu yeebhetri ezenziwe kwihlabathi liphela, kunye neeyunithi ezingaphezu kwe-10 yeebhiliyoni eziveliswa minyaka le. Ukukwazi kwazo ukunika uxinano olungcono lwamandla kunye nokukhupha okuncinci kwenza iBhetri ye-Alkaline ibe yeyona ifanelekileyo kwizixhobo ezikhupha amanzi aphantsi ukuya kwaphakathi. Njengoko imakethi iqhubeka ikhula, iibhetri ze-alkaline zihlala zibalulekile ekunikezeni amandla kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.

Izinto ezisisiseko kunye nezixhobo

Iibhetri ze-alkaline zibaluleke kakhulu ekunikeni amandla izixhobo zakho zemihla ngemihla. Ukuqonda izinto ezisisiseko zazo kunokukunceda uqonde indlela ezisebenza ngayo kunye nesizathu sokuba zisebenza kakuhle.

Izinki

Indima kwibhetri

I-Zinc isebenza njenge-anode kwibhetri ye-alkaline. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-chemical reaction evelisa umbane. Xa usebenzisa ibhetri ye-alkaline, i-zinc ifumana i-oxidation, ikhuphe ii-electron ezihamba kwisixhobo sakho, zisinike amandla ngokufanelekileyo.

Iipropati kunye neenzuzo

I-Zinc ikhethwa ngenxa yokuba ikwazi ukuqhuba kakuhle kunye nokukwazi ukukhupha amandla ngokuthe chu. Le ntsimbi ayininzi nje kuphela kodwa ikwabiza kancinci, nto leyo eyenza iibhetri ze-alkaline zifikeleleke lula ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Iimpawu zayo ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zakho zifumana umbane ohlala uhleli, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kwazo kunye nobude bazo.

I-Manganese Dioxide

Umsebenzi kwibhetri

I-Manganese dioxide isebenza njenge-cathode kwibhetri ye-alkaline. Inoxanduva lwenkqubo yokunciphisa, ebalulekileyo ekudalweni kombane. Xa ii-electron ziphuma kwi-zinc anode, i-manganese dioxide iyazamkela, igqibezele isekethe kwaye ivumele isixhobo sakho ukuba sisebenze.

Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo

I-Manganese dioxide yaziwa ngobuninzi bayo kunye nobunyulu bayo, nto leyo enegalelo kumthamo webhetri. Le nto inika ubuninzi bamandla obungcono xa ithelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zebhetri, iqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zakho zisebenza ixesha elide ngaphandle kokutshintshwa rhoqo. Uzinzo lwayo lukwanciphisa umngcipheko wokuvuza, nto leyo eyenza iibhetri ze-alkaline zibe lukhetho oluthembekileyo.

I-Potassium Hydroxide

Injongo njenge-electrolyte

I-potassium hydroxide isebenza njenge-electrolyte kwibhetri ye-alkaline. Inceda ukuhamba kwee-ions phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode, ivumela ii-chemical reactions ezivelisa umbane. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto, i-potassium hydroxide ayisetyenziswa ngexesha le-reaction, igcina uxinzelelo lwayo ubomi bebhetri.

Impembelelo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri

Ukubakho kwe-potassium hydroxide kuphucula ukusebenza kwebhetri ngokuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwee-ion ngokufanelekileyo. Le electrolyte inceda ukugcina umbane ozinzileyo, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni rhoqo kwezixhobo zakho. Indima yayo ekugcineni ibhalansi yetshaja inegalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasekuthembekeni kweebhetri ze-alkaline.

Iimpendulo zeKhemikhali kwiibhetri zeAlkaline

Ukuqonda iimpembelelo zamakhemikhali kwiBhetri yeAlkaline kukunceda uqonde indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi mithombo zamandla. Iimpembelelo zenzeka kwi-anode nakwi-cathode, kwaye i-electrolyte idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni ezi nkqubo.

Iimpendulo ze-Anode

Inkqubo yokunyibilikisa ioksijini

Kwibhetri yeAlkaline, i-anode inesinyithi se-zinc. Xa usebenzisa ibhetri, i-zinc idlula kwinkqubo ye-oxidation. Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-athomu ze-zinc zilahlekelwa zii-electron, ziguquke zibe zii-ion ze-zinc. Oku kulahleka kwee-electron kubalulekile kuba kuqalisa ukuhamba kombane kwisixhobo sakho. I-oxidation ye-zinc yimpendulo ephambili enika amandla izixhobo zakho ngokufanelekileyo.

Indlela yokukhupha amandla

Indlela yokukhupha amandla kwibhetri yeAlkaline ilula. Njengoko i-zinc inyibilika, ikhupha ii-elektroni. Ezi elektroni zihamba kwisekethe yangaphandle, zibonelela ngamandla afunekayo ukunika amandla izixhobo zakho. Olu hambo lwee-elektroni yilo uthembele kulo ukugcina izixhobo zakho zisebenza kakuhle.

Iimpendulo zeCathode

Inkqubo yokunciphisa

Kwi-cathode, i-manganese dioxide idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kwibhetri ye-Alkaline, inkqubo yokunciphisa iyenzeka apha. I-Manganese dioxide yamkela ii-electron ezikhutshwa yi-zinc anode. Oku kwamkelwa kwee-electron kubalulekile ekugqibezeleni isekethe yombane. Ngaphandle kwale nkqubo yokunciphisa, ibhetri ibingayi kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Indima ekuvelisweni kombane

Indima ye-cathode ekuveliseni umbane ibalulekile. Ngokwamkela ii-electron, i-manganese dioxide yenza kube lula ukuhamba kombane rhoqo. Oku kuhamba yikona okunika amandla izixhobo zakho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza njengoko kulindelekile. Ukuncipha kwi-cathode kuhambelana ne-oxidation kwi-anode, okwenza i-Alkaline Battery ibe ngumthombo wamandla othembekileyo.

Umsebenzi we-Electrolyte

Uthutho lwe-ion

I-potassium hydroxide isebenza njenge-electrolyte kwiBhetri yeAlkaline. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuthutha ii-ion phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode. Le ntshukumo yee-ion ibalulekile ekugcineni ii-chemical reactions ezivelisa umbane. I-potassium hydroxide iqinisekisa ukuba ii-ion zihamba ngokukhululekileyo, ixhasa ukusebenza kwebhetri iyonke.

Ukugcina ibhalansi yentlawulo

Ukugcina ibhalansi yetshaja ngomnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo we-electrolyte. I-potassium hydroxide inceda ukugcina i-charges ilungelelene ngaphakathi kwebhetri. Olu lungelelwaniso luyimfuneko ekusebenzeni okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo zakho. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwee-ion kunye nebhalansi yetshaja esebenzayo, i-electrolyte inegalelo ekusebenzeni nasekuthembekeni kweBhetri yeAlkaline.

Thelekisa nezinye iintlobo zeebhetri

Xa uhlola ihlabathi leebhetri, ukuqonda iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kweebhetri ze-alkaline xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo kunokukunceda wenze ukhetho olunolwazi.

Iingenelo zeebhetri ze-Alkaline

Ubomi obude

Iibhetri ze-alkaline zibonelelaubomi obude xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ezininziEzinye iintlobo zeebhetri. Uyazuza kubuninzi bazo bamandla aphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokunika amandla izixhobo zakho ixesha elide. Ngokungafaniyo neebhetri ze-zinc-carbon, iibhetri ze-alkaline zigcina i-voltage engaguqukiyo kulo lonke ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwazo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zakho zisebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kokwehla kwamandla ngequbuliso. Olu bude bexesha buzenza zilungele izixhobo ezifuna amandla angaguqukiyo ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezifana nolawulo olukude kunye neewotshi.

Ukungabikho kwentonga yekhabhoni

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ngeebhetri ze-alkaline kukungabikho kwentonga yekhabhoni. Lo mahluko woyilo uzenza zahluke kwiibhetri zemveli ze-zinc-carbon. Ngaphandle kwentonga yekhabhoni, iibhetri ze-alkaline zibonelela ngobuninzi bamandla obungcono kunye nokumelana nokuvuza okungcono. Ungathembela kuzo ukuba zinike amandla izixhobo zakho ngaphandle komngcipheko wokuvuza, okunokonakalisa izixhobo zakho ze-elektroniki. Oku kungabikho kukwanegalelo kwixesha elide lokuhlala kwazo, okukuvumela ukuba uzigcine ukuze zisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuwohloka kokusebenza.

Iingxaki xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona

Uhlobo olungaphinde lutshajwe

Nangona iibhetri ze-alkaline zibalaseleyo kwiindawo ezininzi, zinemida. Enye ingxaki ebalulekileyo kukuba azikwazi ukutshajwa kwakhona. Nje ukuba ziphele, kufuneka uzitshintshe, nto leyo enokubangela ukwanda kwenkcitho kunye neendleko ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona, ezifana ne-NiMH, zingasetyenziswa amaxesha amaninzi, zibonelela ngesisombululo esizinzileyo nesingabizi kakhulu sokusetyenziswa rhoqo. Ukuba ubeka phambili izinto eziqwalaselwayo kwindalo kunye nokonga ixesha elide, iindlela ezinokutshajwa kwakhona zinokuba zezona zifanelekileyo.

Izinto eziqwalaselwayo kwindalo esingqongileyo

Impembelelo yebhetri ye-alkaline kwindalo esingqongileyo yenye into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Njengeebhetri ezilahlwayo, zinegalelo kwinkunkuma yendawo yokulahla inkunkuma xa zingalahlwanga kakuhle. Nangona zinezinto ezinobuthi ezimbalwa kunezinye iintlobo zebhetri, ukulahla nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ngendlela efanelekileyo kubalulekile ukunciphisa umngcipheko wazo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Unokunceda ekunciphiseni le mpembelelo ngokulandela iindlela ezicetyiswayo zokulahla kunye nokuhlola iinkqubo zokuphinda kusetyenziswe ezikhoyo kwindawo okuyo.

Ukusetyenziswa Nokulahlwa Ngobuchule

Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa nokulahla ibhetri ye-Alkaline ngokufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Apha, uza kufumana izikhokelo zokwandisa ubomi bebhetri kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo kwindalo.

Izikhokelo Zokusetyenziswa Ezifanelekileyo

Iingcebiso zokugcina

Ukuze wandise ubomi bebhetri yakho yeAlkaline, yigcine kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo. Ziphephe iiqondo lobushushu ezigqithisileyo, njengoko ubushushu bunokubangela ukuvuza kwaye ukubanda kunokunciphisa ukusebenza. Gcina iibhetri kwiphakheji yazo yokuqala ude uzifune. Oku kuthintela ukukhutshwa ngengozi kwaye kuzikhusela kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo. Ukuba ugcina iibhetri ezininzi kunye, qiniseka ukuba azichukumisi enye kwenye ukuze uphephe ii-short circuits.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko

Xa usebenzisa ibhetri yeAlkaline, landela amanyathelo okhuseleko ukuthintela iingozi. Faka iibhetri ngokuchanekileyo, ulungelelanise iziphelo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga neempawu zesixhobo. Musa ukudibanisa iibhetri ezindala nezintsha okanye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kuba oku kunokubangela ukuvuza okanye ukuqhekeka. Ukuba ibhetri iyavuza, yiphathe ngononophelo. Sebenzisa iiglavu ukucoca indawo kwaye ulahle ibhetri ngokufanelekileyo. Soloko ugcine iibhetri kude nabantwana kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya ukuthintela ukuginywa.

Ukulahlwa kunye nokuRisayikilishwa

Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo

Ukulahlwa kakubi kweebhetri zeAlkaline kungonakalisa okusingqongileyo. Ziqulathe iintsimbi, ukuba aziphathwanga kakuhle, ezinokungena emhlabeni nasemanzini. Nangona zingenabungozi kangako kunezinye iintlobo zeebhetri, zisanegalelo kwinkunkuma yendawo yokulahla inkunkuma. Ngokuqonda impembelelo yazo kokusingqongileyo, ungathatha amanyathelo okuyinciphisa.

Iindlela ezicetyiswayo zokulahla

Lahla iibhetri zeAlkaline ngononophelo ukuze unciphise umonakalo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Uluntu oluninzi lubonelela ngeenkqubo zokuphinda usebenzise iibhetri ngokukodwa. Jonga imigaqo yendawo kunye neendawo zokulahla iibhetri ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe. Ukuba ukuphinda usebenzise akufumaneki, landela izikhokelo zendawo ukuze ulahle ngokukhuselekileyo. Abanye abathengisi bakwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokuqokelela iibhetri. Ngokukhetha ezi ndlela, unceda ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo kwaye ukhuthaze iindlela ezizinzileyo.

Uhlolisise izinto ezibalulekileyo kunye neempendulo zeekhemikhali ezenza iibhetri ze-alkaline zibe ngumthombo wamandla othembekileyo. I-Zinc, i-manganese dioxide, kunye ne-potassium hydroxide zisebenza kunye ukubonelela ngamandla angaguqukiyo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kukunceda ukuba uqonde ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhetri kunye nobude bayo. Ukuqonda iingenelo kunye nemida yeebhetri ze-alkaline kukukhokela ekwenzeni ukhetho olunolwazi kwizixhobo zakho. Ngokulandela imigaqo efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kunye nokulahla, unegalelo ekuzinzeni kwendalo. Ukuqonda ikhemistri engasemva kweebhetri ze-alkaline kukunika amandla okuzisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.